硅酸盐质文化遗产盐的迁移和毁损机理研究 — 以西夏王陵为例

硅酸盐质文化遗产遗址盐害的发生、发展与遗址本体中盐分的种类、含量、遗址本体微结构以及环境变化密切相关。本研究选取既有代表性又有便利性的西夏王陵代表硅酸盐质文物，借助多种分析手段（如成盐分析、遗址本体微结构表征等）和实验手段（如土柱模拟、制作多功能环境箱以建立与文物赋存环境相近的盐害发生微环境），通过成盐分析+土柱模拟实验+盐分迁移动力学研究+理论计算等方法来进行不同的盐分在土遗址中的运移机制及动力学规律的研究，辅以数据拟合、参数优化等数值分析算法进行数学建模，构建可溶盐迁移机制的数学模型，并对该数模进行模拟验证，以期用数学符号和语言建立起来的模型来科学合理的阐释遗址本体盐害的发生、发展规律，探究土遗址盐害发生的临界阈值，在已知遗址赋存环境条件如温湿度等、遗址本体盐分类型和组成以及微观结构等条件下，借助该数模来预测遗址盐害发生、发展的基本规律及边界条件，为土遗址盐害的预防性保护提供参考。

The occurrence and development of salt damages on silicate cultural heritage were closely related to the type and the content of the main dissolvable salts, the microstructure of the heritage itself and the environmental and meteorological changes, etc. In this study, by take the representative and convenient Imperial Tombs of Western Xia on behalf of earthen relics, we will investigate the salt elements, salt type, salt migration and salt damages mechanism on silicate cultural heritage by means of the salt elements analysis, micro-structure characterization of the heritage itself, soil column experiment, instrumental analysis, phase diagram researching, crystallization kinetics research, theoretical calculation, and with data fitting, parameter optimization, numerical analysis algorithm. Based on the above researches, we will construct a mathematical modeling and explain the salt migration kinetics model in earthen relics, speculate an initiation and developing mechanism of salt damages in the earthen relics as well. We will simulate verified the mathematical modeling as well. This work will enhance us to explore the critical threshold of salt damage on the earthen sites, enhance the scientific understanding of salt damage mechanism and protection technology on the cultural heritage, provide the reference for the future repair and protection of the cultural heritage.