在物理学中, 理解一个非平衡量子系统是否和如何达到平衡态是非常重要的，然而, 目前能用于研究这一过程的工具非常有限。作为一种强弱耦合的对偶，AdS/CFT对偶把量子系统中的非平衡过程同引力系统中的球壳坍塌过程优雅地对偶起来，这为研究非平衡现象提供了一种有效的工具。 基于AdS/CFT对偶，本项目将详细地研究非平衡强耦合体系中等离子体的均匀热化和非均匀热化以及非平衡超导中的全息纠缠熵。对于均匀热化， 我们不仅研究体系的热化时间，还将关注热化的速度、加速度及不同模型依赖的参数对这些物理量的影响。对于非均匀热化，我们将在修正引力理论和Einstein-Maxwell-scalar框架下构建非均匀引力坍塌模型并研究引力的修正参数和电荷对非均匀热化过程的影响。在研究非平衡超导中的全息纠缠熵时，我们主要关注纠缠熵随时间的演化以及它在非平衡态超导和平衡态超导中的区别。

Understanding whether and how a non-equilibrium quantum system equilibrates is very important in physics. However the tool that can be used to study this process is limited at present. As a duality between the strongly coulpled system and weakly coupled system, the AdS/CFT duality corresponds gracefully the non-equilibrium process in a quantum system to the collapse process of a thin shell in gravitational system, which provides an effective tool to study the non-equilibrium phenomena. Based on the AdS/CFT duality, this project will study the homogenous thermalization and inhomogenous thermalization of plasma as well as the holographic entanglement entropy in non-equilibrium superconductors in strongly coupled systems. As to the homogenous thermalization, we will study detailedly not only the thermalization time, but also the thermaliztion velocity, thermalization accerleration as well as the effect of different model-dependent parameters on these physical quantities. As to the inhomogenous thermalization, we will first construct different inhomogenous gravitational collapse model in the framework of moidfied gravity and Einstein-Maxwell-scalar system, and further study the effect of the correction parameters and electric charge on the thermalization time. When the holographic entanglement entropy in non-equilibrium superconductors is investigated, we will study the evolution of entanglement entropy with respect to the time and the difference of entanglement entropy in non-equilibrium superconductors from the one in equilibrium superconductors.