面向海上弱小目标探测的MIMO地波雷达新体制研究

传统高频地波雷达面临着强海杂波和电离层杂波干扰，同时距离和方位分辨性能较差，致使对海上弱小目标的探测能力受到限制。针对该问题，本项目拟系统深入地探索和发展一种新颖的MIMO地波雷达体制，其基本设计思路是：首先利用波束空间紧凑式MIMO获取较高的距离和方位分辨率，然后利用子阵级分布式MIMO实现多方位空间照射，以此突破传统地波雷达体制中弱小目标探测能力的限制。主要研究内容包括：1）正交相位编码波形设计理论和方法；2）紧凑式稀布阵列研究及多收发子阵优化；3）波束空间紧凑式MIMO中杂波图恒虚警检测；4）子阵级分布式MIMO中检测融合。项目研究将从体制设计和信号处理两个角度实现海上弱小目标探测能力的显著提升，成果将为MIMO地波雷达新系统的优化设计提供理论指导，为未来地波雷达的升级换代提供全新解决思路，对完善和加强我国海洋监测网络具有重要科学意义。

The traditional high frequency ground-wave radar always faces the interference of strong sea clutter and ionospheric clutter, and its range resolution and azimuth resolution are poor. This greatly limits the detection ability of the weak marine targets. Aiming at this problem, the project intends to explore and develop a novel MIMO ground-wave radar system comprehensively and thoroughly. The basic design idea is that, the beamspace-based compact MIMO form is first used to obtain greater range and azimuth resolutions, then the subarray-based distributed MIMO form is utilized to realize the spatial radiation from multi-angles. This design will break through the limits of weak targets detection in traditional groud-wave radar systems. The main contents of the research include: 1) the design theories and methods of the quadrature phase-coded waveforms; 2) the research of the compact sparse array and the optimization of multiple transmitting and receiving subarrays; 3) the clutter-map CFAR in the beamspace-based compact MIMO radar; 4) the detection fusion in the subarray-based distributed MIMO radar. The research will greatly improve the detection ability of the marine weak targets from two aspects of system design and signal processing. The achievement will provide the theoretical guidances to the optimal design of new MIMO ground-wave radar systems, and offer a new solution for the upgrading and updating of the future ground-wave radar. It will also have important scientific significance on the improvement and strengthening of the marine surveillance network in our country.