嫦娥五号月球样品玄武岩屑中纳米磷酸盐矿物的矿物学特征及成因

磷酸盐矿物是月球样品中的常见副矿物，主要结晶于岩浆晚期，能较好记录和保存岩浆和热液活动的原始信息，是研究岩浆和热液过程的一种常见标型矿物。不同环境结晶的磷酸盐携带有不同的成因信息，因此准确地识别不同成因的磷酸盐矿物，对反演月球岩浆历史具有重要意义。由于月球样品的大部分磷酸盐颗粒细小（<5 um）且多为纳米集合体，传统的矿物微区微束手段很难准确地表征这些纳米尺度矿物的成分与结构，尤其是其三维形态与成分，进而制约了人们对磷酸盐矿物结晶环境的准确辨别。为从纳米尺度查明月球磷酸盐矿物的成因标型特征，本项目拟以嫦娥5号月球返回月海玄武岩屑样品中的磷酸盐矿物为研究对象，采用基于高分辨透射电镜的电子断层三维重构（包括形貌、成分和结构的三维重构）技术，以期在纳米尺度突破不同成因磷酸盐矿物的分类识别，结合磷酸盐矿物的微量元素的赋存状态，为月球岩浆演化过程的解译提供可靠证据。

Phosphate minerals are common accessory minerals in lunar samples, mainly crystallized in the late magmatic stage, which can well record and preserve the original information of magmatic and hydrothermal activities. Phosphates crystallized in different environments carry different genetic information, so the accurate identification of phosphate minerals of different origins is of great significance for inverting the history of lunar magma. Since most of the phosphate mineral particles in lunar samples are small (<5 um) and most of them are nano-aggregates, it is difficult to accurately characterize the composition and structure of these nano-scale minerals by traditional mineral micro-beam methods, especially their three-dimensional morphology and composition, which further restricts the accurate identification of the crystallization environment of phosphate minerals. In order to find out the genetic typomorphic characteristics of nano-scale lunar phosphate minerals, this project intends to take the phosphate minerals in the lunar basalt from Chang 'e-5 lunar sample as the research object, and adopt the three-dimensional electron tomography reconstruction technology (including the three-dimensional of morphology, composition and structure) based on high resolution transmission electron microscopy. We aimed to make a breakthrough in the classification and identification of phosphate minerals of different origins at the nano-scale, and provide reliable evidence for the interpretation of the evolution of lunar magma by combining the occurrence state of trace elements of phosphate minerals.