水池型鱼道紊流结构对鱼类溯游行为影响的机理

研究意义：随着经济社会的快速发展，工程建设对生态环境的影响问题越来越引起人们的关注。我国沿海、沿江鱼类资源丰富，洄游性鱼类众多，鱼道可使鱼类克服障碍物实现产卵洄游、索饵洄游和越冬洄游等。鱼道的过鱼效果不仅与鱼道池室的水力特性有关，而且还取决于鱼类的溯游习性。在全球已建成的鱼道中，鱼类能够溯游通过的鱼道尚不足一半！因此，进一步研究基于鱼类溯游习性的鱼道水力特性，具有重要的现实意义。.研究内容：利用三维PIV、三维ADV技术，试验研究单一式和组合式鱼道的紊流结构，包括三维流速分布、三维多股紊动射流、旋涡特性、紊动强度、雷诺应力、紊动尺度、流速相关系数、紊流能谱等，提出水池型鱼道紊流结构的特征；利用在鱼体植入荧光标记VIE和高速摄影技术，选择多种典型的洄游鱼类作为过鱼对象，通过放鱼试验，揭示单一式和组合式鱼道的紊流结构对鱼类溯游行为影响的机理。

With the fast development of economy and society, the issues on effects of engineering construction on ecological environment are more and more concerned. There are abundant migratory fish species in coastal and riverine areas of China. Fishways can enable fish species to pass through obstructions for spawning, feeding and overwintering migrations. An efficiency of fishway is not only related to hydraulic characteristics in pools, but also depends upon behaviour of fish swimming. Fishways that fish could pass are less than half of built fishways in the globe! So it is of important realistic significance to further study hydraulic characteristics in fishways based on behaviour of fish species..This proposal experimentally investigates turbulent structures in single and combined fishways by means of 3D-PIV and 3D-ADV techniques, including three-dimensional velocity distributions, three-dimensional multiple turbulent jets, vortex characteristics, turbulence intensity, Reynolds stress, turbulence scales, velocity correlations and turbulent energy spectrums, and develops characteristics of turbulent structures in pool-type fishways. Also, it uncovers mechanisms of effects of turbulent structures in single and combined fishways on behaviours of fish swimming through fish test by the visible implant elastomer technique and high speed photography, of which various typical migratory fish will be selected as target species.