孤立条件下黔金丝猴的种群遗传学研究

黔金丝猴（Rhinopithecus brelichi）自1903年被首次发现以来，经多次调查证实当前种群仅存在于在贵州省铜仁市梵净山国家级自然保护区1450-2100m的常绿阔叶混交林内。黔金丝猴长期生存在被隔离的孤立条件下是典型的局域小种群，国内外许多研究已表明被隔离的小种群更易发生遗传漂变、近交、遗传多样性下降的现象。同时，中国分布的四种金丝猴中，黔金丝猴种群规模最小，群体增长缓慢，种群恢复潜力最低，灭绝风险更高，然而其种群动态变化，尤其是种群结构以及遗传学方面一直没有系统性的研究。为了这一孤立小种群长期的生存发展，本研究拟利用最新的三代测序手段，提取出高质量的参考基因组数据，为后续个体的重测序分析提供基础和保障，对物种种群动态的准确模拟，为鉴定物种种群波动的主要威胁因素提供最直接、准确的证据，对该濒危物种的保护与复壮提供理论基础科学依据。

Since the Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus brelichi) was first discovered by Bleisch in 1903, multiple investigations have confirmed that the current population only exists in an evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest at 1450-2100m in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Tongren City, Guizhou Province. Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkeys are typical small populations under isolated a. Many studies at home and abroad have shown that isolated small populations are more prone to genetic drift, inbreeding, and decline in genetic diversity. At the same time, among the three Snub-nosed Monkeys distributed in China, the Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkeys is the smallest, the population growth is slowest, the population recovery potential is the lowest, and the risk of extinction is highest. However, its research on population genetics has been scattered. For the long-term survival and development of this isolated small population, it is urgent to accurately detect its genetic background and analyze whether the population has the possibility of rejuvenation. Therefore, this study intends to use the latest three-generation sequencing methods to extract high-quality reference genomic data, fill gaps in the previous reference genome, conduct in-depth development of the population history of Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkeys, and use comparative genomics to find out the evolution of adaptive characteristics of Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkeys., revealing its survival response mechanism and evolution potential under isolated, predicting future evolutionary trends and distribution patterns of species, and providing scientific basis for the formulation of conservation management policies for this species