利用量子力学中无相互作用测量的基本原理进行反事实量子信息处理是近几年兴起的研究热点之一。反事实量子信息指的是在不传输任何物理粒子的情形下可以进行非局域的量子信息处理，这是一种违背经典直觉且不同于传统量子信息的信息处理方式，因此受到很多研究者的关注。本项目拟开展如下研究工作：1）提出多量子比特信息的反事实传输方案，这方面我们已经提出了单个未知量子态的反事实传输协议，接下来的研究中，将设计更简洁的量子线路完成可扩展的任意多比特量子信息反事实传输的有效方案；2）构建不同物理体系中（如，量子点腔体系，原子体系等）的反事实分布式量子逻辑门和非局域纠缠态，以期完成通用的反事实分布式量子计算和其他非局域量子信息任务；3）利用弱测量和量子延迟选择实验的方法探索反事实量子信息处理的深层物理机制。通过本项目的研究，一方面可以为非局域量子信息处理探索新的途径；另一方面也可以为量子力学的反事实性提供理论证据。

Counterfactual quantum information processing, based on the fundamental principle of the interaction-free measurement in quantum mechanics, is one of the research hotspots in recent years. Counterfactual quantum information means nonlocal quantum information tasks can be performed without transmitting any physical particles, which is a completely counter-intuitive information processing manner different from the traditional quantum information, thus attracts many researchers’ attention. The present subject focuses on the following parts: 1) propose the counterfactual scheme for the multi-qubit information transmission. We have proposed a protocol of teleporting an unknown quantum state counterfactually. Next, we will design simpler quantum circuits to achieve the counterfactual transmission of scalable arbitrary multi-qubit information; 2) construct counterfactual distributed quantum logical gates and non-local entangled states in different physical systems, such as quantum-dot cavity system, atom system, etc., so as to achieve universal counterfactual distributed quantum computation and other non-local quantum information tasks; 3) explore the intrinsic physical mechanism behind the counterfactual quantum information processing by using the method of weak measurement and quantum delayed-choice experiment. Such research not only can explore new way for non-local quantum information processing, but also can provide theoretical evidence for the counterfactuality of quantum mechanics.