聚苯胺//NaCl双层限域法调控制备中空纳米铂基金属间化合物电催化剂

开发便捷可行的技术方案制备高Pt本征活性、高稳定性且更低铂使用量的阴极氧还原（ORR）催化剂，是当前降低燃料电池成本、推动其规模化应用亟需解决的问题。本申请提出“聚苯胺//NaCl双层限域法调控制备中空纳米铂基金属间化合物电催化剂”方案。通过构建“聚苯胺//NaCl盐”内外双层限域体系并巧妙利用纳米尺度内的柯肯达尔效应，可完成“实心纯Pt纳米颗粒”至“空心有序PtM金属间化合物”的直接可控转化，从而有效便捷地实现Pt本征活性、稳定性和Pt原子利用率的三重显著提升；进一步通过调控双限域层比例、高温煅烧工艺等实验参数，还可实现原子、分子水平调变催化剂组成、形貌和结构，建立Pt微观几何构型、电子构型和表层性质与ORR催化性能之间的耦合关系，形成可控制备理论。

Demand on the convenient and practical synthetic approach to fabricate ORR electrocatalysts with high intrinsic activity, good durability but low Pt consumption is urgently increasing for the commercialization of fuel cell technology. Herein, we plan to propose a dual-confined strategy to directly convert pure Pt solid nanoparticles (NPs) into hollow PtM NPs featured with ordered intermetallic phase. By elaborately constructing PANI//NaCl dual-confined system and in virtue of nanoscale Kirkendall effect, the solid Pt NPs can accomplish “alloying-hollowing- ordering” just through a single high-temperature step, thus achieving remarkable promotion of the intrinsic Pt activity, the stability and the Pt utilization in a controllable way. Further regulating the ratio of two confined shell, the calcining technology and other experimental parameters can modulate catalysts’ composition, structure and morphology in microscale and thus disclose the coupling relationship between geometric & electronic structure and ORR performance, ultimately helping us to build the theory basis for controllable synthesis.