土壤压实是制约现代农业可持续发展的主要因素之一。大豆作为我国主要的粮食作物，具有直根系且对土壤压实敏感。由于大豆品种众多，种间特性不同，目前对于不同基因型大豆与压实土壤间的相互作用了解甚少。本研究利用田间原状土柱，通过分析大豆生长指标与根系结构来研究大豆对压实土壤的响应，同时借助X-ray CT技术分析不同种植年限下大豆对压实土壤结构的缓解机制。具体研究包括：1）分析不同基因型大豆生长指标和根系结构，阐明不同基因型大豆抗压实的生物根系适应机理；2）在不同种植年限下，利用X-ray CT技术结合土壤特征曲线、土壤水分、土壤温度和大豆根系结构，定量评价不同基因型大豆在不同种植年限下对压实土壤结构的改善能力，并量化土壤结构变化特征；3）评价前茬大豆改善土壤结构后对后茬大豆根系生长的影响。研究结果对促进大豆育种，提高集约化调控下大豆产量，缓解农业机械化对土壤质量的影响具有重要意义。

As the development of agricultural mechanization, agricultural machinery stress is increasing. As a result, soil compaction has become an unavoidable problem in the agricultural modernization process. In China, although agricultural mechanization has developed rapidly in recent years, there is still lacking studies on the effects and alleviation of soil compaction, especially on the biological mitigation benefits. This study explores the response of different soybean genotypes to soil compaction and the alleviation mechanism of compacted soil. The specific objectives of the study are: 1) to compare the different response of five different genotype soybeans by using aboveground biological indicators and to understand the mechanism of biological root system adaptation to soil compaction by analyzing the indicators of soybean root system architecture; 2) to quantitatively soil alleviation ability of different genotype soybeans and the main indicators of soil structure change by combining soil water retention curves, soil moisture, soil temperature, soybean root system structure and X-ray CT extracted soil structure properties under different cropping years; 3) evaluation of the impact of improved soil structure on the root growth of soybeans in the next season. The results have important implications for promoting soybean breeding, increasing soybean production under intensive regulation, and mitigating the effects of agricultural mechanization on soil quality.