喷流和盘风（统称为外流）是天体物理中最重要的基本过程之一，也是理解众多高能天体物理现象的基础。目前，在不同层次黑洞天体（甚至同一黑洞天体）中观测到了不同类型的外流现象，如连续性喷流、间歇性喷流和盘风等，对这些不同层次天体以及不同类型的外流现象进行统一研究，能有效促进对盘风和喷流的形成机制、物理本质、相互关系等问题的理解。本项目将开展以下三方面的研究：1）建立不同类型活动星系核样本以及黑洞双星不同谱态数据来系统研究不同层次黑洞天体外流的异同点，从观测上探讨哪些物理量决定了喷流和盘风的形成及演化；2）从理论上研究喷流和盘风的形成和演化模型，建立更好的外流过程及演化图像；3）以喷流相关观测为基础(如blazar多波段观测和近邻射电星系的高分辨率射电观测等) 探讨喷流成分、加速机制及能量耗散过程。这些研究将会深化我们对盘风和喷流物理的认识以及促进对不同尺度黑洞天体演化本质的理解。

Outflow is one of the most basic processes in astrophysics, which play a key role in understanding many astrophysical phenomena. Different kinds of outflows are found in black-hole (BH) systems or even other objects. For example, the relativistic well collimated jets are found in radio loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and disk winds are found in broad-absorption-line QSOs. In stellar mass XRBs, the continuous jets exist in low hard state, transient jets are found in intermediate state while the jets are disappeared in high-soft state but disk winds are appear. It will be very useful to study the different kinds of outflows in these BH systems in different scales together, which can further help us to understand basic physics of jet and disk wind, their possible correlation and evolution. In this project, we aim to build the basic picture for disk wind and jet, and will focus on the following three subprojects: 1) we will build a big sample of AGNs and XRBs which include different AGN types and XRBs in different states, and we study the possible similarities and differences for the outflow properties between them; 2) we will build the theoretical model for the jet and disk wind, which will help to understand the basic physics for jet/wind formation; 3) we will also plan to study the basic physics in jet itself, e.g., jet composition, jet collimation, jet dissipation and so on based on the modeling of simultaneous multiwaveband observation of blazars and some high-resolution VLBI observations on the jet of several nearby radio galaxies (e.g., M 87). Through this project, we can further to understand several fundamental issues in jet and disk wind in BH systems, which will also help us to better understand the nature of the evolution of AGNs and XRBs and also the possible issue of AGN feedback.