随着干细胞再生医学的发展，ES源性视网膜色素上皮细胞（ESC-RPE）视网膜下腔移植治疗人类年龄相关性黄斑变性和Stargardt’s病的临床研究给视网膜变性疾病所致的不可治愈盲患者带来一线希望。为避免可能存在的移植排斥，这些研究中的患者都全身使用了有毒副作用的免疫抑制剂。2016年最新研究提示CD4+T细胞可能在光感受器细胞视网膜下腔移植后的免疫反应中起重要作用。然而，ESC-RPE视网膜下腔移植后免疫反应发生与否、调控机制和免疫抑制方案的优化都是目前亟待解决的问题。CD4+T细胞是否在ESC-RPE视网膜下腔移植后免疫反应中起关键作用？本研究将通过激光显微切割结合单细胞RNA测序等技术，深入探讨CD4+T中Th1/Th2、Treg和Th17细胞在小鼠ESC-RPE视网膜下腔移植后的免疫反应作用和调控机制；进一步优化免疫抑制药物治疗方案；为ESC-RPE视网膜下腔移植的临床应用提供借鉴。

With the development of stem cells and regenerative medicine, clinical trials on the treatment of human age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt’s disease through subretinal transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells (ESC-RPE) bring hope to blind patients with the incurable retinal degenerative diseases. In order to avoid potential immune injection, all patients in these studies have used systemic immunosuppressive agents with toxic side effects. A most recent study in 2016 suggests that CD4+ T cells may play an important role in immune response after the subretinal transplantation of photoreceptor cells. However, whether immune response occurs after subretinal transplantation of ESC-RPE or not, its regulation mechanism and optimization of immunosuppressive regimens are current issues needed to be solved urgently. Do CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in the immune response after subretinal transplantation of ESC-RPE? Through laser capture microdissection combined with single cell RNA sequencing and other techniques, this study will investigate the effects of CD4+ T cells including Th1/Th2, Treg and Th17 cells on immune response and its regulation mechanism after mouse subretinal transplantatiton of ESC-RPE, further optimize the immunosuppressive regime, and provide reference for clinical application of subretinal transplantation of ESC-RPE.