基于自差相干探测的星地激光通信因具有结构简单、抗湍流等零差相干探测不具备的独特优势，被认为是解决星地数据传输"瓶颈"的不二选择，是当前激光通信领域的研究热点之一，但在应对波前畸变及空间光耦合等接收关键技术方面尚需更有效的解决方案。鉴于此，本项目以信号光的接收-耦合-性能分析为主线开展研究：首先分析波前畸变的作用机制，探索快速高效的畸变补偿新算法，构建自适应补偿接收方案；其次,分析空间光至单模光纤耦合的瞬时起伏特性，探索高效稳定的耦合新方法；最后，综合考虑畸变补偿及耦合模块对信道的影响，构建完善的信道模型，分析不同因素对接收性能的作用机理。本项目将构建结构简单功能健全的波前畸变自适应补偿新接收方案，探索空间光至单模光纤的瞬时耦合效率概率分布特征和新颖耦合方法，完善信道模型，揭示影响自差相干探测星地激光通信接收性能的多因素作用机理。项目的实施对发展新一代星地激光通信具有重要的理论意义和应用价值

For the self-homodying coherent detection with the particular advantage of simple construction and easy to resist the influence of turbulence compared to the homodyne detection, the satellite-to-ground laser communication is regard as the only way to solve the bottleneck of data transmission between satellite to a ground station, and is one of the current research hotspots in the field of laser communication, a better solution is expected in the aspects of key receiving techniques such as eliminating the wavefront aberration and improving spatial light coupling efficiency and so on. This project attempts to investigate the key receiving technology of satellite-to-ground laser communication system with self-homodying coherent detection scheme by using the signal light's receiving-coupling- analyzing process as the research main line. Firstly, the diversity of signal light's wavefront distortion is researched in detail, a quick and efficient wavefront aberration compensation algorithm is explored, and the receiving scheme with the function of wavefront distortion adaptive compensation will be constructed. Secondly, the instantaneous probability density function of coupling efficiency for space light to a single-mode fiber is deeply analyzed, and a corresponding new method with high and stable coupling efficiency is given. At last, a new mode of the free space channel is established and different factors on affecting the performance of satellite-to-ground laser communication system is researched completely. This project will gives a new receiving method with the function of wavefront aberration compensation and with the simple structure, and explore the distributive characteristics of instantaneous coupling efficiency for space light to a single-mode fiber and the new coupling method, and reveal the mechanism of multi-factor which affects the properties of satellite-to-ground laser communication system with self-homodying cohetent scheme. The implementation of the project has important theoretical significance and application value for developing a new generation of satellite-to-ground laser communication system.