超级电容器具有充电速度快、功率密度高、循环寿命长、环境友好等特性而成为新一代储能电池的典型代表，然而适中的能量密度限制其优点发挥和广泛应用。本课题以提高超级电容器的能量密度为目标，选择势能窗口宽的离子液体为电解质，设计合成孔径与电解质离子直径相匹配的亚纳米多孔电极，开展高性能超级电容器研究。通过考察单一型、杂化型、凝胶型三种离子液体，比较瓜环碳、复合物、非对称三种亚纳米多孔电极，探讨电极材料的制备条件与纳孔/微孔/介孔分布及比表面的关系，阐明电解质离子直径与电极材料孔径的匹配及对器件性能的影响，探明离子液体/亚纳米多孔电极的界面层结构和超级电容器储能机理，厘清器件构造对效能尤其是能量密度的影响，揭示超级电容器的材料微观结构与宏观电化学性能之间关系，实现高性能超级电容器的材料设计和可控制备，提供充放电稳定性好、能量密度高于120 Wh/kg的器件，为高性能超级电容器的开发提供理论支撑。

The supercapacitor has become the typical representative of the new generation energy storage device owing to its rapid charging/discharging, high power density, long cycle life and friendly environment. However, the moderate energy density limits its advantages and wide application. Aiming at the improvement of the energy density of supercapacitors, we choice the ionic liquid with wide potential window as electrolytes, device and synthesis a subnanoporous electrode materials whose pore size matched with the ionic diameter of electrolytes, and carry out the researches on high-performance supercapacitors. By investigating three kinds (single, hybrid and gel) of ionic electrolyte, comparing three kinds (cucurbiturils carbon, composite and asymmetric) of subnanoporous electrodes, we expound the relationship between the preparation conditions and the dispersion of nanopores/ micropores/mesopores/macropores; elucidate the match of the ionic diameter of electrolyte with the pore size of electrode materials and its influence on the properties of the device; clarify the interface layer structure of ionic liquid/electrode and energy storage mechanism of supercapacitor; illustrates the relationship between microstructure of materials and electrochemical properties of supercapacitor; realize the material design and control Material design and controllable preparation for high-performance supercapacitor, provides the devices with good charging/discharging stability and energy density higher than 120 Wh/kg, and provide theoretical support for the development of high performance supercapacitors.