海上浮式风机的新型主动式实时混合模型试验方法研究

海上浮式风机是未来我国海上风能开发的必由之路，物理模型试验通常被认为是其设计、建造的最终依据。相似准则矛盾的问题导致现阶段模型试验方法无法真实全过程模拟风机气动载荷。基于此，本项目提出新型主动式实时混合模型试验方法，研发高精度快速计算模型实时迭代计算浮式风机运动响应，利用控制模型和执行机构替代浮式基础的物理模型，在风洞实现混合模型试验。主要包括：构建浮式风机与锚泊系统的时变状态空间模型，揭示其动力传递及耦合作用机理，开发耦合运动响应高精度快速计算方法；构建塔基截面运动实时追踪的主动控制模型，优化控制算法，建立误差估计与补偿方法；校准水动力粘性系数，开展浮式风机全耦合数值仿真，对实时混合模型稳定性与敏感性进行虚拟测试；搭建浮式风机主动式实时混合模型试验平台，验证试验方法的可靠性与优越性。本项目提出的试验方法可真实可靠全过程模拟海上浮式风机耦合运动和动力响应，为浮式风机建设提供理论与技术支持。

Floating offshore wind turbine is the most feasible technology for the future development of offshore wind energy in China. Physical model test is widely accepted as the most reliable method and the finial proof for the design and construction of floating offshore wind turbines. However, model tests of floating offshore wind turbines are extremely difficult because aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loadings cannot be both simulated accurately using the existing model test methods due to the conflict of different equivalent rules. To that end, an innovative experimental method based on the active real-time hybrid model is proposed in this project. A highly accurate and efficient numerical model is developed to analyze real-time motion and hydrodynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbine. Besides, a control system and an actuation mechanism are combined to simulate the motion responses of floating platform. Finally, a hybrid experimental model of a floating offshore wind turbine could be established for wind tunnel tests with a physical upside and an actuated platform whose responses are actively simulated in real time. The main contents of this project are as follows: (1) A time-varying state-space model for a floating offshore wind turbine and its mooring system is established, the interactions among different components and the dynamic coupling mechanism are revealed, and a highly accurate and efficient numerical algorithm to compute the coupled motion and dynamic responses of the system is developed. (2) An active control model which can track real-time motions of the platform is established, the control algorithm is optimized, and methods for error evaluation and compensation are developed. (3) Hydrodynamic viscosity coefficients are calibrated, fully coupled numerical simulation of the floating wind turbine is performed, and virtual tests for the stability and sensitivity of the hybrid model are conducted using numerical simulation. (4) The hybrid experimental platform is constructed, and physical model tests are performed in wind tunnel to verify the proposed approach. Using the proposed novel hybrid model testing approach, the motion and dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines could be predicted reliably and accurately. In conclusion, this research project could significantly support the future development of floating offshore wind energy.