多金属氧酸盐（POMs）新型促排剂对内污染铀促排的研究

锕系元素铀作为核燃料、核武器和贫铀弹等原材料，在核事故、乏燃料后处理、铀矿开采等过程中一旦发生泄露势必导致锕系元素内污染，引起内照射，导致组织损伤、癌症，甚至死亡。使用螯合剂快速螯合锕系元素并加速排出体外是减轻内污染最有效的方法，然而目前锕系元素促排剂存在毒性大、效果差及机理不明确等问题，无法满足核应急需求。多金属氧酸盐（POMs）具有结构多样性、可调变性、可修饰性以及优异的生物活性等优点广泛用于乏燃料后处理和医药等领域，然而没有锕系元素促排相关工作报道。因此，申请人提出POMs促排铀的研究思路，利用表面丰富的活性氧位点和对铀的高螯合能力等优势，提高对铀的吸附性能和选择，结合生物毒性和促排效果，利用X射线单晶衍射仪、EXAFS、IVIS成像系统等技术，直观解析POMs与铀复合物的微观结构，明确促排机理，建立构效关系，筛选出新型低毒高效的铀促排剂，为进一步优化锕系元素促排剂提供理论依据。

Uranium as the original material of nuclear fuel, nuclear weapon and depleted uranium bomb, would lead to the damage of tissues, organ failure, cancer and even death in the process of nuclear accidents, nuclear attraction, the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and uranium mining operations. To date, the most effective method to ease the internal contamination of uranium is administrated chelators, which could effectively captured uranium and accelerated the excretion of uranium in vivo. However, the existing chelators still met the defects of high toxicity, low efficacy and unclear mechanism, and no effective agents were obtained to satisfy the demand of nuclear emergency up to date. Polyoxometalates (POMs), featured with structural diversity, tunable structure, tunable functionality, and bio-compatibility, widely applied in the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and medical field. While POMs materials have not yet used as actinides chelators. Therefore, this project intends to synthesize lacunary polyoxometalates (POMs), taking advantage of the abundant of active oxygen sites and high chelating ability of the lacunary POMs for uranium, improving the ability of capturing and selectivity toward uranium. Subsequently, a series of in vitro and vivo assays will be performed to comprehensively evaluate the decorporation efficacy and toxicity of POMs materials, respectively, combining the X ray diffractometer, EXAFS and IVIS spectrum imaging system measurements to explore the coorderation mode of POMs and uranium complexes and clarify the mechanism of decprporation. Finally, signifying the potential application of POMs used as actinides decorporation agent for the nuclear emergency cases.