高效防霉型植物精油的可控微囊化及在木材中的长效释放机制

微胶囊技术是一类具有特殊优势、在木材保护与改良领域具有很大应用潜力的包覆技术，亟需加强基础研究促进转化应用。结合前期工作，本项目拟围绕微胶囊化植物精油防霉剂应用于人工林木材加工利用领域的关键科学问题展开研究。从商品化植物精油中优选出高效防霉型配方，基于原位聚合理论制备环保型微胶囊化防霉剂并实现其粒径和释放特性的可控调节。建立微胶囊粒径、木材孔隙结构参数与木材中微胶囊载药率的联系，实现微胶囊在木材内部的高效导入，并通过微观形貌观察以及抗流失性、官能团和化学元素分析阐明微胶囊在木材中的固着机理。探明室温及加热条件下木材/微胶囊复合材料内部植物精油含量和化学组分随时间变化的规律，结合霉变防治效力的同步评价揭示复合材料中植物精油的长效释放机制。本研究将有力促进木材霉变防治技术的绿色发展，丰富缓释型功能微胶囊在木质材料领域的应用理论基础。

Microencapsulation is a coating technology with many advantages. It has great application potential in wood protection and modification, but the basic research needs to be strengthened. Based on the preliminary work, the project intends to carry out research on the key scientific issues in the application of microencapsulated plant essential oil anti-mildew agents in plantation wood. An agent with excellent anti-mildew performance is obtained from commercial plant essential oils, and then microencapsulated with environmentally-friendly shell materials based on the in-situ polymerization theory. Methods for controlling the particle size and core-material release characteristics of the microcapsules are developed. The correlations among the particle size of microcapsules, the pore structure parameters of wood and the loading rate of microcapsules in wood are established, to make sure that the microcapsules can enter the internal pores of wood under vacuum-pressure impregnation treatment. The fixation mechanism of microcapsules in wood is clarified through both the observation of microscopic morphologies and the analysis of leaching resistance, functional groups and chemical elements. The content and chemical composition of plant essential oils inside the wood/microcapsules composites are successively investigated at room temperature or under heating, which is combined with the simultaneous evaluation of the anti-mildew efficacy of the composites to reveal the long-term release mechanism of the plant essential oils. The research will greatly promote the development of green anti-mildew agents for wood, and enrich the theoretical basis for the application of slow-release functional microcapsules in wood materials.