深海热液、冷泉均为化能极端环境，但二者成因、流出液速度和组分（如重金属）有所差别，其中大型生物与微生物的共生关系是化能生态系统生物适应环境的关键因素。已有研究发现冲绳海槽热液和南海冷泉区柯氏潜铠虾种群产生了显著分化。本项目将系统全面的阐释潜铠虾适应不同热液、冷泉环境微进化的分子机制：应用2b-RAD对西太平洋不同热液、冷泉区的潜铠虾进行种群基因组学研究，明晰种群结构，筛选高分化位点，从基因受选择层面阐释潜铠虾微进化的遗传学基础；开展重金属铜胁迫实验结合比较转录组、基因共表达网络分析WGCNA，从基因表达调控层面阐述其适应不同环境微进化的分子基础；对不同潜铠虾种群个体共生微生物进行16S全长扩增子测序，并将共生菌丰度与宿主SNP进行全基因组关联分析GWAS，探讨微生物群落组成对潜铠虾微进化的影响。本研究预期将极大加深我们对深海化能生态系统大型动物进化和适应机制等重大科学问题的理解。

Although both deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are chemosynthetic ecosystems, there are differences between the two, including flow rate of the emitted fluid and the chemical composition of that fluid, e.g. heavy metals. The symbiosis between large organisms and microbes is important for the surviving in the chemosynthetic ecosystems. Significant differentiation has been detected in the population genetic study of Shinkaia crosnieri from a hydrothermal vent in Okinawa Trough and a cold seep in the South China Sea. Focusing on the populations of S. crosnieri from different hydrothermal vent (HV) and cold seep (CS) ecosystems in the west Pacific Ocean, we will perform the following works. Population genomics will be conducted to analyze the population structure, identify and annotate the high divergent SNP ‘outliers’ using 2b-RAD. The S. crosnieri will also be exposed to high concentration of heavy metal copper, and key genes related to the stress adaptation will be further screened by comparative transcriptome study. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) will be performed to construct the gene regulation network as well. Further, the abundance of symbiotic microbes of S. crosnieri from different HV and CS populations will be compared by full length 16S sequencing. The correlation between the microbe abundance and S. crosnieri SNPs will be analyzed by genome-wide association study (GWAS). The results will clarify the molecular mechanisms of microevolution of S. crosnieri systematically at gene selection and gene expression regulation levels, as well as the influence of microbes. It is expected to provide deep insights into the adaptive evolution of crustaceans in deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems.