基于巨磁阻效应（GMR）的磁生物传感器芯片对前列腺癌化过程中外泌体的特异性蛋白表达量的相关性研究

前列腺癌（prostate cancer, PC)作为男性中第二大常见的诊断性癌症，对它的生物标志物的检测可以为早期诊断提供有力的生物依据。由细胞分泌的外泌体由于携带有多种蛋白, 核酸等生物大分子，成为未来PC诊断和早期检测的重要研究对象。目前已经发现了多种用于PC诊断的外泌体特异性蛋白，但它们的相关性尚未可知，尤其在癌化过程中这些蛋白的表达量是否存着相关性规律，对探索癌症的癌化机制以及早期的精确诊断具有重大意义。传统的检测方法由于灵敏度低，对外泌体样本需求量较大无法适用于低含量、多种类的特异性蛋白的精确定量。本项目将通过采用巨磁阻效应的微纳磁生物传感器和免疫磁珠技术实现对PC外泌体特异性蛋白的高灵敏度的检测。通过对不同种类的特异性蛋白在不同癌症发展阶段，或者来自不同年龄的PC癌症患者的表达量的检测，实现对各特异性蛋白的相关性规律的探索，为研究前列腺癌症的癌化和早期精确诊断提供科学依据。

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. The detection of predictive biomarkers will help stratification of early diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the carriers of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids as well as other biomolecules, become the potential candidate for cancer detection and diagnosis. Currently, multiple specific proteins have been discovered for PC diagnosis. However, the correlation between them remain elusive. The crosstalk among those specific proteins may play an imperative role in investigating cell cancerization and early precision diagnosis. Due to low sensitivity and large volume requirement of exosome samples, the traditional detection method is not suitable for precise determination of the specific proteins. This project aims to develop a new detection method of specific protein from PC exosome based on giant magneto-resistance (GMR) micro-biosensor and immune-magnetic nanoparticles technology to detect the specific proteins with high sensitivity and minimal sample volume. The correlation among those the specific proteins can be unravelled by detecting the expression level of different specific proteins under different stages of cancer development or different ages of patients. This study will pave new path for a novel detection method in prostate cancer diagnosis and revealing of cancerization mechanism with high sensitivity and precision.