中国湿地温室气体释放反馈气候变化的微生物学机制研究

湿地是CH4和N2O这两类高增温潜势温室气体的主要排放源，深刻影响着地球气候系统，同时湿地的结构和功能对气候变化的响应又极为敏感。因此，揭示湿地CH4和N2O排放对气候变化的反馈及其相关机制是厘清湿地气候调控功能的关键环节。为此，本项目拟以我国主要自然湿地和水稻田为研究对象，将采用大尺度野外原位调查与模拟实验，结合历史数据与实验室分析平台技术，阐明气候变化引起的气温增加与水位变化对我国湿地温室气体排放格局的影响，解析相关微生物学机制，并预测气候变化背景下我国湿地微生物群落结构和功能的时空动态及其对温室气体排放的影响。通过本项目的实施，将提高对我国湿地温室气体排放格局、演变趋势和微生物学机制的内涵认知，并形成湿地微生物及其相关环境因子的数据集，对于解答“水圈微生物作用的宏观机制与生态效应”这一重大研究计划中的核心科学问题将有积极的推动作用，并服务于我国湿地应对气候变化的国家战略。

Wetlands are the main emission sources of CH4 and N2O, two kinds of greenhouse gases with high warming potential, which have a profound impact on the earth's climate system. Meanwhile, the structure and function of wetlands are extremely sensitive to climate change. Therefore, revealing the feedbacks of wetland CH4 and N2O emissions to climate change and their related mechanisms is the key link to clarify wetland climate regulation functions. Therefore, this project will focus on the main natural wetlands and rice fields as the research objects, through the uses of large-scale field investigations, simulation experiments, historical data and laboratory analyses, in order to clarify the impacts of temperature rise and water level change caused by climate change on the wetland greenhouse gas emissions and their microbial mechanisms. The project will also predict the spatial-temporal dynamics of microbial community structure and function in China's wetlands under climate change and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions. Through the researches of this project, it will improve our understanding of the greenhouse gas emissions and their microbial mechanisms of China's wetlands, and form a data set of wetland microbes and their related environmental factors. Moreover, it is hoped that the outcomes of this proposed project can make contributions to solve a core scientific question “macro-mechanisms and ecological effects of hydrosphere microbial functioning” in this research plan, and serve the national strategy of China's wetlands to cope with climate change.