旅游开发影响下的乡村社区冲突：空间格局与形成机制

冲突是社会活动的基本特征。乡村旅游社区多群体的介入，使得社区冲突现象越发突出，成为阻碍乡村旅游发展目标实现的重要因素。本研究选择典型乡村旅游社区，基于冲突社会学、文化地理学相关理论，采用行动者导向（actor-oriented）的视角，将访谈调查、参与式填图（participatory mapping）相结合收集数据，将质性分析、社会空间叙事（social-spatial narrative）分析和GIS空间分析相结合形成混合研究方法，通过社区人群负面情感的探测，识别多群体冲突类型构成、负面情感空间结构和社区冲突的空间格局，并从社区物质空间变化和社会空间变化角度认识冲突形成机制。该研究将社区冲突置于地理空间中加以考察，可以为理解乡村旅游社区冲突形成，指导空间规划管理提供帮助。同时，该研究是地理学方法用于社会现象分析的一种尝试，有助于拓展社会文化地理学研究内容。

Conflict is a basic feature of social activities. The involvement of multiple groups in rural community tourism makes the community conflicts more prominent that have become important factors hindering the realization of rural tourism development goals. Based on theories of conflict sociology and cultural geography, this study is conducted in typical rural tourism communities with an actor-oriented perspective. Interview survey and participatory mapping are combined for the data collection. Qualitative analysis, social space narrative analysis and GIS spatial analysis are integrated to form a mixed research methodology. By detecting community groups’ negative emotion responses, conflict categories, negative emotional space structure and conflict spatial pattern are revealed and the conflict formation mechanism is understood through material space change and social change analysis. This study examines conflicts in geographic space, which can help understand the formation of rural tourism community conflicts and guide the spatial planning and management practices. At the same time, this study is an attempt to apply the geographical method to the analysis of social phenomena, which is helpful to expand the research field of social and cultural geography.