超分子结构设计与制革过程强化

我国皮革行业正处在新常态下转型升级的关键时期，如何彻底解决行业的铬污染问题，实现其可持续发展刻不容缓！本项目首次提出基于超分子组装原理将水滑石类化合物（LDHs）引入制革过程，以层状LDHs为主体，以阴离子或两性聚合物作为客体分子，经二维插层组装构筑结构高度有序的改性皮胶原纤维用超分子插层材料。利用LDHs板层金属离子、聚合物活性基团与皮胶原纤维的配位、静电引力等作用，提高皮革的耐湿热稳定性，强化制革鞣制过程；利用LDHs板层与两性聚合物中的阳离子促进湿整饰工序中阴离子材料的吸收，强化制革湿整饰过程，获得色泽亮丽、柔软的皮革。前期初探结果表明LDHs能够有效提高蓝湿革的增厚率、皮革的染色性能及柔软度。该项目将进一步研究水滑石层板化学性质、聚合物微结构、超分子材料对皮胶原纤维性能的影响，建立超分子插层材料与皮胶原纤维相互作用的模型。该研究对医用、食品等领域的胶原改性同样具有重要的指导意义。

China leather industry is currently undergoing new normal critical period for the transformation and upgrading, furthermore, how to solve chromium pollution of the leather industry completely and achieve sustainable development of the leather process are of great urgency! In this project, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are introduced in leather process based on the supramolecular assembly theories for the first time. Highly ordered supramolecular intercalation materials for leather collagen fiber modification will be obtained, which can be prepared by two-dimensional assembly of layered LDHs as host molecules and anionic or amphoteric polymers as guest molecules. The hydrothermal stability of leather can be improved due to reaction of collagen fiber with metal ions of LDHs or the reactive groups on the polymer by the coordinate bond or electrostatic force, finally the leather tanning process is intensified. The dyeing properties and softness of leather products can be improved by the absorption of more anionic materials into leather due to the positively charged LDHs nanosheets and the cationic groups on the amphiphilic polymers, finally the leather post-tanning process is intensified. The previous study showed that, the thickening rate, dyeing properties and softness of leather can be improved by the LDHs. The influence of chemical properties of LDHs nanosheets, the microstructure of polymers, the supramolecular materials on the properties of collagen fibers will be studied in this project, and the model of the interaction between supramolecular intercalation materials and collagen fibers will be established. The study also has important guiding significance to medical, food and collagen modification research fields.