高温真实气体条件下的高超声速磁场流动控制实验研究

高超声速飞行器强激波后高温气体形成具有导电性的等离子体流场，电离气体为磁场应用提供了直接工作环境，而磁流体控制技术可有效改善高超声速飞行器气动特性，在飞行器气动力操控和热环境管理等方面均具有广阔的应用前景；同时，超导材料及电磁技术的发展又重新推动了这一领域的研究热潮。然而，包含高温真实气体效应条件的磁场流动控制对实验设备及测试技术要求较高，国内外相关实验研究仍较少，来流非平衡和霍尔效应对磁流动控制的影响规律和机理也还不清楚，值得深入研究。本项目利用力学所地面设备产生能够模拟高温真实气体效应的试验气流(4-10km/s)，发展高速试验气流中磁场流动控制的试验技术，获得磁场方向/大小、霍尔效应、来流非平衡度等对磁场控制效果的实验数据，进而研究磁场和高超声速电离气流相互作用的影响规律、关键参数及流体动力学机理。项目研究结果能够为MHD的数值模拟提供验证数据并推动磁流体控制技术更快的走向工程应用。

High speed and shock compression behind the bow shock of an aircraft head result in very high temperature, which would subsequently lead to a conductivity plasma flowfield around the vehicle. The plasma gas provides a direct working environment for the application of magnetic field. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow control can improve the aerodynamic characteristics of hypersonic vehicles effectively. It has potential prospects on aerodynamic force control and aerodynamic heating management. Besides, the development of superconducting materials and electromagnetic technology contribute to a great upsurge of MHD flow control research significantly. However, there are few experimental studies of MHD flow control under the test conditions with high temperature real gas effect due to their high requirement for experiment facility and test technology. The influence of Hall effect and nonequilibrium free-stream flow on magnetic flow control is still not clear and it deserves a further study. In the present study, the ground facilities in the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences are used to generate hypersonic gas flows, where the velocities cover from 4 to 10km/s and they can come to the test conditions of high temperature real gas effect. Then, we aim to develop the MHD flow control technology under such hypersonic flows and obtain the experimental data of shock stand-off distance and magnetic drag force under different magnetic field intensity, magnetic field direction, hall effect and nonequilibrium flowfield. In turn, the interaction between the magnetic field and the hypersonic ionizing gas will be investigated and analyzed, including the influence rules, key control parameters and dynamics mechanism. In all, the research results in this project can provide experimental data for the validation of MHD program and promote the engineering application of MHD flow control technology.