表面等离激元是电磁波在电介质和导体界面相耦合传播的一种电磁模式，可将能量局域在亚波长尺度内，同时产生场增强，为实现纳米量级尺寸下的光操纵开拓了一种新途径。经典流体模型已经被广泛用于二维电子气表面等离激元的研究，然而在纳米尺度下以及高密度的等离子体中，电子的集体行为即量子效应不可忽略。本项目拟采用量子流体模型研究二维电子气的表面等离激元的特性及其边缘态的行为，并开展以下四个方面的工作：（1）研究二维电子气表面等离激元的色散特性及其衰减行为，探讨其量子效应的影响; （2）研究不同外场和不同边界条件对表面等离激元色散关系及等离子体激波传输过程的影响；（3）研究二维电子气等离激元及极化率的空间传播及时间演化；（4）研究二维电子气表面等离激元对入射带电粒子的阻止本领，探讨其自旋效应对其阻止本领的影响。从上述四个方面，为开发以基于表面等离激元为基础的新一代光学器件提供理论依据和基础。

Surface plasmon is an electromagnetic mode of electromagnetic waves coupling at the interface between the dielectric material and conductor. It can be confine energy at subwavelength scale and enhance the field at the same time, which opens up a new way to manipulate light at nanometer scale. Classical fluid dynamic models have been widely adopted successfully to investigate the surface plasmon of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). However, the collective behavior of electrons, namely quantum effects, can not be ignored at nano scale and for high-density plasma. This project aims to use quantum hydrodynamic model to explore the properties of the surface plasmon and edge plasmon of 2DEG. We will plan to develop the following works: (1) Study the dispersion relations of surface plasmon and the behavior of attenuation of 2DEG to explore the effect of quantum effects; (2) Study the effects of different applied fields and boundary conditions of 2DEG on the properties of surface plasmon and the transmission of plasmon wave; (3) Study the evolution of surface plasmon and the polarization of spatial and time for different 2DEG; (4) Study the stopping power of incident charged particles by the surface plasmon of 2DEG to investigate the effect of spin on the stopping power. The project enables us to present the theoretical basis and foundations for a new generation optical devices based on surface plasmon effect.