面向下一代超导混频多波束接收机应用的低温低功耗MMIC放大器关键技术研究

大规模超导混频多波束接收机是射电天文接收机技术重点发展方向之一。通过长期实践，虽然多波束接收机技术已得到显著发展，但是在小型化和多像元方面仍面临诸多技术挑战。如嵌入式本振分配网络和平面超导混频器集成阵列技术、低温低功耗MMIC放大器技术和低温多路中频传输技术等，仍无法满足大规模多波束接收机的应用需求。本项目主要面向下一代多波束接收机前端中频部分的技术挑战，开展低温低功耗MMIC放大器研究工作。低温放大器是超导多波束接收机前端系统的关键部件，其噪声性能显著影响着接收机系统噪声。目前商用低温放大器功耗相对较高，并成为前端系统的主要热源，在制冷功率一定的情况下，限制了阵列接收机像元数目的扩展。因此低功耗低温MMIC中频放大器的研制，将有助于放大器阵列集成，并形成SIS+MMIC紧密集成的超导混频器接收机前端系统，为下一代集成型多波束接收机提供关键技术支持。

The large-scale multi-beam superconducting heterodyne receiver technology is identified to be significant for future large field of view radio astronomical observations. Although considerable progresses have been made in developing multi-beam receiver technology, there are still a handful key technical challenges to be solved to enable a large pixel count, e.g. embedded LO distribution network, planar superconducting mixer array, and cryogenic low-power consumption MMIC amplifiers, cryogenic IF multiplexing technique and so on. In this research, we focus on the IF technologies of multi-beam heterodyne receiver, namely the cryogenic low-power consumption MMIC low noise amplifiers. The low noise performance of the cryogenic amplifiers is critical to reduce the overall system noise. Meanwhile, they are also the principal heat sources for cryogenic receiver frontend system. Because of the relative high-power consumption of the commercial LNAs, the number of the pixels is limited by the finite cooling capacity. It is thus desirable to relax this limit by reducing the power consumption of the amplifiers. Through the research of this project, we will achieve the key technologies of the low power MMIC amplifier which will be helpful to the development of the SIS+MMIC superconducting heterodyne receiver system and then lay a solid foundation for the development of the next generation of integrated multi-beam array receiver.