基于嵌套式地理对象的流域管理措施空间配置优化方法

基于流域过程模拟和智能优化算法的流域管理措施（BMP）情景优化是当前流域综合治理的重要手段，其核心是BMP空间配置优化方法。该方法关键在于有效利用BMP空间配置知识，除了单一BMP的适宜配置位置，更强调对多种BMP空间交互关系的利用。现有方法已能通过考虑单一地理对象上下游关系表达流域单一过程中的BMP空间交互关系，如沿坡面的BMP组合，但仍难以表达涉及流域不同层次过程的BMP复杂空间交互关系，如从流域上游到下游逐级防护及坡面与沟道治理相结合等。对此，本项目提出基于嵌套式地理对象及其空间关系表达BMP复杂空间交互关系的新思路，通过构建“子流域-坡面-坡位-地块”多级嵌套空间配置单元，设计BMP复杂空间交互关系的规则化表达及其在优化算法中的利用方式，建立一套基于嵌套式地理对象的BMP空间配置优化方法。本研究可完善流域BMP情景优化方法体系，提高情景的合理性和有效性，更好地支持流域综合治理决策。

Nowadays, scenario optimization of watershed best management practice (BMP) based on watershed process modeling and intelligent optimization algorithms has become a promising scientific means for integrated watershed management. Its core component is the spatial configuration and optimization of watershed BMPs. The key point for the method design is the effective utilization of BMP configuration knowledge, which not only consists of the suitable locations of every single BMP but also emphasizes the spatial interactions among multiple BMPs. The state-of-art methods can represent the spatial interactions among BMPs in a single-level watershed process, for example, the combination of BMPs along the hillslope, based on the upstream-downstream relationships of a single type of geographic object. However, they are still incapable to represent complicated spatial interactions among BMPs involving multi-level watershed processes, for example, the construction of protection practices from the upstream to downstream of the watershed hierarchically and the combination of hillslope management and channel management. To address this problem, the project proposes a new idea that representing the complicated spatial interactions among BMPs based on nested geographic objects and their various spatial relationships among them. Based on this idea, the project intends to develop a set of methods for spatial configuration and optimization of watershed BMPs, which consist of three parts, 1) selecting nested geographic objects (i.e., subbasin, hillslope, slope position, and field) to construct multi-level nested spatial configuration units for spatial allocation of BMPs, 2) design of the representation method of the complicated spatial interactions among BMPs based on various spatial relationships among nested spatial units and its incorporation method with optimization algorithms, and 3) implementation of the optimization tool of BMP scenarios based on a spatially-distributed watershed process model and a typical multi-objective optimization algorithm. This study can improve the methodology of watershed BMP scenario optimization, increase the reasonability and effectiveness of the optimized BMP scenarios, and therefore better support the decision-making of integrated watershed management.