非晶态Ni-P合金柱撑膨润土的组装、结构特征及其催化性能

在催化加氢过程采用非贵金属代替贵金属是工业应用的趋势。根据Ni基非贵金属的催化剂的特点，结合广西的特色资源——膨润土，研究一种将活性组分非晶态Ni-P合金嵌入膨润土层间，构成夹层结构，提高非晶态Ni-P合金稳定性及分散度的新型插层催化剂。项目主要对非晶态Ni-P柱撑膨润土层柱状催化剂的进行分子设计及制备，研究非晶态Ni-P柱撑膨润土层柱状催化剂的结构特征与其催化加氢性能的关系。针对非晶态合金催化剂易失活等问题，对非晶态Ni-P合金柱撑膨润土的稳定性、失活原因与再生方法等进行研究，最后从催化剂的微观结构、反应过程中活性中间体的变化及反应动力学等方面对非晶态Ni-P柱撑膨润土层柱状催化剂上硝基苯加氢为苯胺的反应机理进行探讨，揭示膨润土在固体催化剂插层组装及催化反应中的科学规律，为膨润土在多相催化反应中的应用奠定基础。

Using a non-precious metal instead of precious metal in the progress of catalytic hydrogenation is the trend in industrial applications. According to the characteristics of Ni-based non-precious metal catalysts and combining bentonite, which is a characteristics resources in Guangxi, amorphous Ni-P alloy, which was the active component, was embedded into the bentonite layer and form the sandwich structure, which improve the stability and dispersion of the amorphous Ni-P alloy, this new intercalation catalyst was studied. The present project mainly focus on the molecular design and preparation of the amorphous Ni-P pillared bentonite catalyst, and the relations between the structure of amorphous Ni-P pillared bentonite and its catalytic hydrogenation performance was investigated. Because the amorphous alloy catalysts are easy deactivation, the stability, deactivation and regeneration methods of the amorphous Ni-P pillared bentonite catalysts were also investigated. Finally, from the microscopic structure of the catalyst, the changes of reactive intermediates in the reaction process, the reaction kinetics and the other aspects, the reaction mechanism of the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline over the amorphous Ni-P-pillared bentonite was discussed, and the scientific law of bentonite assembled in the solid catalyst and in the catalytic reaction was revealed, which lay the foundation for bentonite in heterogeneous catalytic reactions.