基于RAD-seq技术的四种中国药用蚯蚓谱系地理学研究

蚯蚓作为最重要最古老的土壤无脊椎动物类群之一，其干燥体在中医药中习称“地龙”，药用历史悠久。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》中已明确收录“广地龙”（参状远盲蚓）和“沪地龙”（栉盲远盲蚓、威廉腔蚓和通俗腔蚓）四种药用蚯蚓。四种药用蚯蚓在分类学上的地位是明确的，但关于其相关的种群遗传基础研究严重缺乏，对进一步科学合理开发利用我国地龙药材造成严重困扰。本项目拟系统地调查我国四种药用蚯蚓的种质资源情况和地理分布格局；然后拟采取RAD-seq技术获取有效全面的基因组数据，深入分析四种药用蚯蚓种群间的亲缘关系和遗传差异；最后结合古地理资料探讨四种药用蚯蚓种群分化和扩散历程。本项目有望构建四种药用蚯蚓种质资源库，并揭示四种药用蚯蚓种群进化历史和演化机制，为研究开发、保护和可持续利用药用蚯蚓资源提供重要科学基础，也对进一步了解蚯蚓的起源、扩散和进化具有重要意义。

Earthworm is one of the most important and ancient soil invertebrate groups, its dried body has a long history of medicinal use in China, and it is known as Dilong in traditional Chinese medicine. The Pharmacopoeia of the people's Republic of China (2020 Edition) has clearly included four kinds of medicinal earthworms, namely "Guangdilong" (Amynthas aspergillum (Perrier, 1872)) and Hudilong (Amynthas pectieniferus (Michaelsen, 1931)、Metaphire guillelmi (Michaelsen, 1895) and Metaphire vulgaris (Chen, 1930)). The taxonomic status of the four medicinal earthworms is clear, but the lack of basic research on their population genetics has caused serious problems for the further utilization of medicinal earthworms in China. This project intends to systematically investigate the germplasm resources and geographical distribution pattern of the four medicinal earthworms in China, then use RAD-seq to obtain effective and comprehensive genomic data to analyze the relationship and genetic difference among four species of medicinal earthworms. Finally, the population dispersal and diversification process of the four medicinal earthworms will be discussed based on paleogeographic data. This project is expected to build Germplasm Bank for the four medicinal earthworms, and reveal the evolution history and evolution mechanism of their population, which provide an important scientific basis for the research and development, protection and sustainable utilization of medicinal earthworm resources. Additionally, this project is also of great significance to further unearth the origin, dispersal, and evolution of earthworm.