基于外泌体miRNA-221调控PI3K/Akt/Ca2+轴探讨针刺治疗荨麻疹的效应机制

荨麻疹是常见的皮肤病，治疗难度大，症状反复发作，严重影响患者生活质量。我们前期研究已证实针刺治疗该病疗效确切，但其效应机制尚待深入研究。既往研究明确肥大细胞是荨麻疹的关键效应细胞，miRNA-221通过PI3K/Akt/Ca2+轴抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒而发挥调节效应。最新研究表明外泌体作为细胞通讯的重要载体，可传递活性分子与免疫球蛋白E结合来抑制变态反应。有研究提出外泌体在针刺信息传递中扮演重要角色，且已证实针刺通过影响外泌体miRNA的表达而发挥治疗作用。据此，本课题围绕“针刺通过调节外泌体miRNA-221以介导PI3K/Akt/Ca2+轴抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒而改善荨麻疹症状”的研究假说，以荨麻疹模型大鼠为研究对象，以外泌体miRNA-221为切入点，从肥大细胞入手，通过甲苯胺蓝染色、透射电镜、流式细胞仪、Western Blot、RT-PCR等方法深入阐释针刺治疗荨麻疹的效应机制。

Urticaria is a common disease in the field of skin allergies. Because of its difficulty in treatment and recurring symptoms, it seriously affects the quality of life of patients. It is a hot spot in clinical research. Our previous studies have confirmed that acupuncture has a definite effect, but its mechanism needs to be further deepened. Mast cell is the key effector cell in allergic diseases such as urticaria. Existing studies have shown that miRNA regulates the biological process of mast cell, and miRNA-221 can inhibit mast cell degranulation through the PI3K/Akt/Ca2+ signaling pathway. The latest research shows that exosomes and their cargoes are important carriers for the communication between nerves, endocrine, immune and other cells, and can transmit active molecules to bind with immunoglobulin E to inhibit allergic reactions. Related research suggests that exosomes may play an important role in acupuncture information transmission, and it has been confirmed that acupuncture can play a role by affecting the expression level of exosomal miRNA. Therefore, we hypothesis that acupuncture can improve urticaria symptoms by regulating exosomal miRNA-221-mediated PI3K/Akt/Ca2+ axis to inhibit mast cell degranulation.We plan to use urticaria model rats as the research subjects, take exosomal miRNA-221 and mast cell degranulation as an entry point, and use toluidine blue staining, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, Western Blot, RT-PCR and other methods to explain the effect mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of urticaria.