甲酰甲硫氨酰-tRNA介导线粒体蛋白翻译调控猪精子活力的机制研究

精子活力是决定畜禽繁殖效率的关键因素之一。研究表明，精子线粒体型核糖体翻译的蛋白参与精子活力调节，但调控机制不明。甲酰甲硫氨酰-tRNA（fMet-tRNA）是线粒体型核糖体翻译起始的重要组分。我们发现，fMet-tRNA合成关键酶的丰度与猪精子活力呈正相关，添加fMet-tRNA合成底物可促进蛋白合成，提示fMet-tRNA在精子蛋白翻译和活力调节中起重要作用。本研究以蛋白翻译促进线粒体生物合成调节精子活力为主线，重点探究猪精子中fMet-tRNA的合成及其在蛋白翻译中的作用，以此筛选调控精子活力的生理调节剂。内容包括：明确猪精子蛋白翻译的过程及其在线粒体生物合成中的作用；阐明猪精子中fMet-tRNA的合成过程及其在蛋白翻译中的作用；以fMet-tRNA为靶点探究调控精子活力的措施。所得结果有助于揭示精子蛋白翻译的调控机制，为从公猪营养、精液保存等角度出发来提高猪精子活力提供理论指导。

Sperm motility is the most important parameter involved in the fertilization process of livestock and poultry. Studies shown that proteins translated by mitochondrial-type ribosomes regulated sperm motility, but the regulatory mechanisms are not entirely clear. The N-formylmethionine-tRNA (fMet-tRNA) is an important component in the initiation of mitochondrial translation. Our previous results indicated that the abundance of methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase was positively correlated with sperm motility, and the level of fMet-tRNA synthesis substrate could affect the process of sperm protein translation. These results suggested that fMet-tRNA plays an important role in sperm protein translation and sperm motility regulation. The main line of this project is that protein translated in boar sperm promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and regulates sperm motility. It will be focus on the synthesis of fMet-tRNA and the its role in boar sperm protein translation. And then screen the physiological regulators that regulating sperm motility. The contents include: To clarify the process of protein translation in boar sperm and its effects on mitochondrial biogenesis; To clarify the synthesis of fMet-tRNA and its effects on protein translation of boar sperm; To explore the regulatory measures of sperm motility based on the synthesis of fMet-tRNA. The results can theoretically reveal the regulatory mechanism of sperm protein translation, and provide theoretical guidance for improving sperm motility from boar nutrition and semen preservation system.