玻璃海鞘匍匐枝黏附的结构基础及关键蛋白组分的界面黏附机制

黏附是生物污损等海洋灾害事件发生的基础。海鞘是典型的污损生物，具有强烈的致灾致害特性，严重威胁全球生态系统健康和涉海行业发展。了解海鞘黏附行为对于海洋污损生物的科学防控至关重要。前期工作表明，匍匐枝是海鞘的黏附器官且蛋白组分在其黏附过程中可能发挥重要作用。基于此，本项目拟以污损生物玻璃海鞘为研究对象，紧紧围绕海鞘黏附的结构基础及关键蛋白组分的界面黏附机制这一重要科学问题，利用显微成像、组织细胞染色等技术分析匍匐枝的外部形态、内部结构和黏附界面特征，阐明玻璃海鞘黏附的结构基础；利用质谱、蛋白组、基因敲除、显微力学等技术分析匍匐枝蛋白组成及其黏附功能，筛选关键黏附蛋白组分；进而利用定点突变、结构缺失等手段，结合室内和海上黏附测试，阐明关键蛋白组分的界面黏附机制。通过多学科交叉研究，深入解析玻璃海鞘黏附行为，全面理解海洋生物黏附特征，为海洋生物污损等灾害治理提供理论支撑，兼具科学意义和应用价值。

Adhesion is the presupposition of marine disaster events such as biofouling. Ascidian is a kind of typical marine adhesive organisms, which possesses obvious disaster-causing characteristics, threatening the health of global marine ecosystem and the development of aquaculture and maritime industry. In-depth analysis of adhesion behavior of ascidian is crucial for controlling marine fouling organisms. Previous studies have shown that stolon was the adhesion organ of most ascidian species and proteins may play important roles in stolon adhesion. Based on these results, this research proposal plans to take the fouling ascidian Ciona robusta as the research animal to study the adhesion structure of this species and the interface adhesion mechanisms mediated by key adhesive proteins. Various electron microscopes and cell staining methods will be used to study the morphology, ultrastructure and interface adhesion of stolon, clarifying the structure features of stolon adhesion. Mass spectrometry, proteomics and gene knockout approaches will be employed to study stolon protein compositions and their adhesion functions, identifying key adhesive proteins from this organ. The mechanisms of protein interface adhesion will also be studied by the methods of site-directed mutation, domain deletion, mechanical performance analysis and field adhesion test. Through the interdisciplinary study, this research proposal attempts to deeply clarify the adhesion behavior of C. robusta and comprehensively understand the essential characteristics of marine bioadhesion, which will provide a theoretical support for preventing marine biofouling as well as other marine ecological disasters, unitizing both scientific significance and application value.