基于极囊多维组学研究粘体动物的起源与进化

粘体动物是寄生于鱼类的后生动物寄生虫，其起源与进化一直存在诸多争议。目前，粘体动物属于刺胞动物的观点已被广泛认可，但其在刺胞动物内的系统发育位置尚不清楚。刺丝囊是刺胞动物的重要分类依据之一，不同刺胞动物的刺丝囊存在显著差异。粘体动物的极囊与刺丝囊在发育过程、结构及功能等方面极其相似，且有共同功能蛋白基因，研究二者的亲缘关系对阐明粘体动物在刺胞动物内的系统发育位置具有重要意义。本项目以极囊为切入点，通过“手术解剖”法获得纯化极囊，借助多组学分析平台，获得极囊蛋白质组数据，结合已知极囊和刺丝囊的蛋白质组，开展极囊和刺丝囊的比较蛋白组学、关键蛋白、同源基因簇等方面的研究和数据分析，探讨极囊与刺丝囊的亲缘关系及在刺丝囊中的进化地位，解析细胞器进化与生物进化的关系，阐明粘体动物与刺胞动物的亲缘关系及其在刺胞动物内的具体位置，为研究粘体动物的起源与进化提供新思路。

Myxozoans are metazoan parasites of fish and its origin and evolution have been controversial. Currently, it is well acknowledged that myxozoans are cnidarian. However, their phylogenetic position within the cnidaria still remains unclear. The nematocyst is one of the most important classification criteria of cnidaria. The nematocysts of different cnidarians have significant differences. The polar capsules of myxozoans are highly similar to the nematocysts of cnidarians in the development process, structure and function. They also have common functional protein genes. Studying their relationship is important for elucidating the phylogenetic position of myxozoans in the cnidaria. Taking the polar capsule as the entry point, the purified polar capsules were obtained through the "surgical anatomy" method. the proteomic data of polar capsules were also obtained with the help of the multi-omics analysis platform. Then we combined the know proteomic data of polar capsules and nematocysts, conducted analyses including comparative proteomics, key proteins, and homologous gene clusters, to explore the relationship between polar capsules and nematocysts and the evolutionary position of polar capsules within nematocysts, to explore the relationship between organelle evolution and biological evolution. We aim to clarify the relationship between myxozoans and cnidarians, and the specific position of myxozoans in cnidarians. The study will provide new ideas for solving the problem of myxozoan origin.