基于激光反射器的卫星完全姿态测量方法研究

卫星等空间飞行器的长期姿态测量和监视对于目标态势感知、轨道演化研究等应用具有重要的意义。目前的空间飞行器姿态测量功能在卫星端受限于敏感器等有源器件寿命，主要在卫星失效前有效，在地基则以作用距离有限的光学成像方法为主。本项目提出一种结合激光反射器阵列(LRA)和卫星激光测距(SLR)进行卫星姿态测量的技术。拟通过设计搭载特定的激光反射器，仅依靠SLR台站测距结果解算出卫星的完全姿态信息，通过至少2个SLR台站同时观测即可获得卫星的完全姿态。该测量方法基于SLR技术支持，星载部分仅包括无源的激光反射器，因此具有作用距离远、载荷重量轻、造价低、寿命长、无能耗等优点。对该技术的探索研究有望产生一种新的地基卫星姿态确定方法，可以整合激光测距、精密定轨、姿态校验、自转参数测量以及对地面分辨等多种功能，在卫星姿态失控、有源设备故障、能源耗尽等极端条件下以及对失效卫星的姿态检测方面具有特别的应用价值。

Satellites and other spacecraft long-term attitude measuring and monitoring has the vital significance for the target situational awareness, orbital evolution research. Spacecraft attitude measuring function on the satellite is limited by the finite life of active components like star sensors. On the ground, the optical imaging method with limited action range is the main method. In this project, a satellite attitude measurement technology combining laser reflector array (LRA) and satellite laser ranging(SLR) is proposed. By designing specific laser reflectors one can calculate the complete attitude information of the satellite only relying on the ranging results of SLR stations. The complete attitude information of the satellite can be obtained by simultaneously observing from at least two SLR stations. The measurement method is based on SLR technology support. The satellite-borne part only includes passive laser reflector, so it has the advantages of long operating distance, long action distance, light load weight, low cost, long life and no energy consumption. The exploring research of the technology is expected to produce a new kind of satellite attitude determination method of foundation, can be integrated laser ranging, precision orbit determination, posture, the rotation parameter measurement as well as to the ground resolution and other functions, the satellite attitude control, active under extreme conditions, such as equipment failure, energy depletion as well as to the failure of the satellite attitude determination has the special application value.