“电子受体+配位络合”双功能化离子液体的设计及溶解贵金属的研究

从电子垃圾、失效催化剂等废弃资源中高效、绿色回收贵金属不仅有重大经济价值，更是我国坚持可持续发展道路的必然要求。本项目提出通过目标导向的精准分子设计，实现离子液体“电子受体+配位络合”双功能化。利用功能离子液体的电子传输途径迁出金属团簇的自由电子，使金属处于缺电子不稳定状态；为求电荷重新平衡，团簇表面带正电荷的金属阳离子倾向于脱离骨架和强配位能力的离子液体反荷离子形成络合阴（阳）离子，再与得到电子的离子液体有机阳（阴）离子通过氢键扩展、π堆积等作用形成稳定超分子结构，实现团簇外金属离子二次稳定。通过以上作用协同，逐步将金属原子从骨架中剥离，达到溶解目的。实现离子液体由“公认稳定剂”到“溶解剂”的转变，开创性地将离子液体引入贵金属回收领域，重点研究功能化离子液体的设计与合成、金属与离子液体间的电子迁移和络合稳定机制、离子液体循环使用机制等内容。为开发含贵金属废弃资源的回收新方法提供研究基础。

It is not only of great economic value but also of necessity for sustainable development to recover precious metals efficiently and environmentally friendly from waste resources such as electronic waste and invalid catalysts containing precious metals. In this study, it is proposed to introduce strong electron absorption groups into the cation (anion) of the ionic liquid, and to design the electronic transport path, and to introduce the counter ion with strong coordination ability, so as to realize the bifunction ionic liquid with "electron receptor + coordination complexation". Through the interaction of functional ionic liquids and metal clusters, the free electrons of metals are transported to the ionic liquids, which makes the metal in an electron deficient and unstable state; At the same time, the coordination anion (cation) could be formed by the interaction of the counter ion with strong coordination ability interacting and the metal cation on the surface of the metal cluster. And then a stable supramolecular structure was generated by the interaction of the coordination anion (cation) with the organic cation (anion) of the ionic liquid through hydrogen bond expansion and π stacking. Under the above synergistic effect, metal atoms are gradually separated from the clusters and finally dissolved. The design and synthesis of functional ionic liquids, the mechanism of electron migration and complexation stability between metals and ionic liquids, and the mechanism of ionic liquid circulation will be investigated. And the results of this study can provide the research basis for the development of new recycling methods of precious metal containing waste resources