海王星系统的动力学模型与物理特性研究

海王星系统在太阳系中的特殊性十分明显，研究该系统有助于更全面认知太阳系，也可为未来深空探测提供重要的工程轨道历表支持；而且，“类海王星”系外行星在银河系中具有相当的普遍性，探索海王星系统的谜题，对理解行星系统的形成和演化具有重要的意义。本项目拟在前期工作基础上，对海王星、海卫一、海卫二开展观测研究，持续获取新的高精度天体测量结果；基于长跨度和高精度的观测资料，根据海王星与其卫星之间的相互作用关系，实现海王星的引力质量、J2项和轴指向参数、海卫一引力质量、海卫一和海卫二轨道等参数的整体解算，获取海王星轴的进动模型，从而建立海王星系统新的动力学模型；基于测光研究结果，探索形成海王星卫星表面反射效应、物质迁移和自转模式等物理特性的可能解释。本项目将推动对海王星系统更加准确、深入的研究。

The particularity of Neptunian system in the solar system is very obvious. The study of this system is helpful for a more comprehensive understanding of the solar system, and it can also provide an important engineering support of orbit ephemerides for the deep space exploration in the future. Moreover, understanding the mysteries of Neptunian system has implications beyond our solar system. The flood of exoplanets discovered around other stars has revealed that “Neptune-like” are quite common in our galaxy. Untangling the mysteries surrounding the ice giants in our solar system will lead to fundamental insights into the formation and evolution of planetary systems in general. On the basis of previous work, the project plans to carry out observation and research on Neptune, Triton and Nereid, and continuously obtain new precise astrometric observations; Based on the long-span and high-precision observation data, and according to the interaction between Neptune and its satellites, the integral solutions of Neptunian system GM, the J2 of the Neptune gravitational field, the orientation of Neptunian pole, Triton’s GM, and the orbits of Triton and Nereid will be realized, and the precession model of Neptunian pole will be obtained, thus a new dynamic model of Neptunian system is expected to be established; Based on the photometric results, the possible explanations of the physical characteristics of Neptunian satellites, such as surface reflection effect, mass transfer and rotation mode, will be explored. This project will promote more accurate and in-depth research on Neptunian system.