内源性逆转录病毒ERV1元件编码的Gag蛋白调控山羊早期胚胎发育的功能和机制

内源性逆转录病毒(ERVs)序列约占山羊基因组的28.45%，其中ERV1元件的转录激活对山羊早期胚胎发育有重要功能，但具体的机制尚不清楚。申请人前期研究发现ERV1能够编码Gag蛋白的功能结构域，在早期胚胎中有大量Gag蛋白表达，装配的病毒样颗粒主要定位于卵裂球细胞膜间隙，对早期胚胎发育有重要作用。本研究将深入解析ERV1编码Gag蛋白及其病毒样颗粒调控山羊早期胚胎的功能和机制。通过功能缺失和功能获得实验分析Gag蛋白调控早期胚胎发育的靶基因和功能；抑制病毒样颗粒的形成，构建羊-牛嵌合体胚胎，分析病毒样颗粒对胚胎致密化和信号通信的功能；通过补偿克隆胚胎中Gag蛋白的表达水平，确定Gag蛋白对体细胞克隆胚胎发育能力的影响。本研究从Gag蛋白及其病毒样颗粒调控早期胚胎发育的角度，解析ERV1类转座子元件调控早期胚胎发育的新途径，为早期胚胎发育机制的研究提供新的理论依据和研究思路。

The sequence of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) accounts for 28.45% of goat genome. The transcription activation of ERV1 plays an important role in maintaining the early embryonic development of goat, but the mechanism is unclear. Our previous study found that ERV1 could encode the functional domain of Gag protein, and there were abundant Gag protein expressing in early embryos. The assembled virus-like particles were mainly located in the membrane space of blastomere cells, which plays an important role in early embryonic development. In this study, we will further analyze the function and mechanism of ERV1 encoding Gag protein and its viral-like particles in regulating early embryo of goat. The target genes and functions of Gag protein in regulating early embryonic development were analyzed by the function deletion and function acquisition experiments. Then we will inhibit the formation of virus-like particles and construct goat-cattle chimeric embryos to analyzed the functions of virus-like particles on embryo densification and signal communication. The influence of Gag protein on the development ability of cloned embryos was determined by compensating the expression level of Gag protein in cloned embryos. From the perspective of Gag protein and its virus-like particles in regulating early embryonic development, this study would discovery a new way of ERV1 transposon elements in regulating early embryonic development, and provides new theoretical basis and research ideas for the study of early embryonic development mechanism.