水稻无融合生殖体系中MiMe策略的优化

无融合生殖是一种通过种子进行克隆繁殖的无性生殖方式，具有固定杂种优势的潜力，通过无融合生殖固定杂种优势是未来农业产业的重要发展方向，是保障国家粮食安全的重要手段。申请人所在团队前期通过精准编辑减数分裂和生殖发育过程中的关键基因，初步建立了杂交水稻无融合生殖体系。但是我们在研究过程中发现现有无融合生殖体系中MiMe的结实率性状不稳定，有背景依赖性。本项目拟在前期研究基础上，筛选参与调控减数分裂Ⅰ期向Ⅱ期转换的关键基因，深入挖掘并解析相关分子机制，同时在多个骨干水稻品种中建立不同类型的MiMe策略，筛选出高结实率且无背景依赖的MiMe策略，在此基础上建立新的无融合生殖策略。本项目的开展有助于进一步优化现有无融合生殖体系，为无融合生殖在杂交水稻中的育种应用奠定基础。

Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction of clonal propagation through seeds, which has the potential to fix heterosis. Fixed heterosis through apomixis is an important development direction of agricultural industry in the future, and an important means to ensure national food security. In previous studies, the applicant’s team initially established apomixis in hybrid rice by simultaneously editing several key genes involved in meiosis and reproductive development. However, we found that the seed setting rate of MiMe in the existing apomixis system was unstable and background-dependent. This project intends to screen the key genes involved in regulating the transition from phase I to phase II of meiosis, further explore and investigate the relevant molecular mechanisms, establish different types of MiMe strategies among multiple backbone rice varieties, screen out MiMe strategy with high seed setting rate and no background dependence, and establish a new apomixis strategy on this basis. The development of this project will help to further optimize the existing apomixis system and lay the foundation for the application of apomixis in hybrid rice breeding.