三维沙波面上水沙运动特性试验研究

沙波是河床阻力的重要组成部分，掌握了沙波运动规律，有助于解答水位流量关系以及推移质输沙率等河流动力学研究的核心问题，进而完善河流动力学的基本理论与治河的基本技术。因此，深入开展沙波面湍流结构与颗粒尺度的研究具有重要的理论及工程意义。本项目搭建水流-泥沙-床面的水槽耦合观测系统，基于自主研发的三维颗粒追踪系统及三维床面系统，同步测量水流结构、沙波面的颗粒运动以及沙波运动的时空演变规律。在此基础上，重点研究三维沙波形态对湍流结构的影响，沙波面的颗粒运动特征及与沙波输移的关系。揭示水沙作用下沙波形成与演变的机理，并初步建立沙波输移模型。研究成果可为研究沙波运动提供新的测量技术手段，为河道泥沙输移的研究课题提供理论支撑。

Sand wave is an important component of riverbed resistance. The law of sand wave movement can help to resolve the core problems of river dynamics research, such as relationship between water level and flow and the bedload transport rate. Then it can improve basic theory of river dynamics and the basic technology of river regulation. It is of great scientific and engineering significance to further study the flow structure and movement at grain-scale of sand wave based on experimental work. The project builds a flow–sediment–bedform coupling observation system in open channel. And we independently develop 3D particle tracking system and 3D bedform measuring system. It can synchronously measure the law of temporal and spatial evolution of flow structure, particle movement and sand wave movement. Based on these data, the project focuses on revealing the influence of 3D sand wave shape on turbulence structure, the characteristics of particle motion and the relationship between particle motion and sand wave transport. The results help to clarify the mechanism of formation and evolution of sand waves and establish the sand wave transport model. It can provide a new measuring technique and theoretical support for the study of sand wave movement and bed load transport.