生活源大气污染物排放的时空格局

大气污染仍是我国当前突出的环境问题之一。居民生活燃烧生物质和煤炭等传统固体燃料造成严重的室内污染，和一定的室外大气污染，是危害人群健康的首要风险因子。由于燃料消耗量数据缺乏，污染物排放系数变异大，生活源排放清单的不确定性要高于其他污染源。本研究拟结合实验室研究和现场测试，研究不同性质固体和气态燃料燃烧中的动态变化过程，掌握动态变化特征，识别污染物形成和排放过程的关键影响因素，获得全程平均和动态瞬时排放因子和排放速率。同时，基于前期工作基础，补充调查居民能源结构和燃料消耗量，完善居民生活源能源基础数据；开展排放系数现场补充测试，更新排放系数，进而更新居民生活源排放清单，量化不确定性，分析生活源污染物排放的空间差异和时间变化趋势；通过模拟燃料亚类细分等不同情景，探索降低清单不确定性的有效方法。

Air pollution is still one main prominent environmental problem. Residential emission source that is related to indoor combustions of fuels like coal and biomass is an unignorable pollution source. The process affects not only outdoor but also indoor air contributing largely to adverse health outcomes associated with inhalation exposure. Due to lacking of accurate fuel consumption data, and larger variations in pollutant emission factors, residential emission inventory is associated with relatively higher uncertainties in comparison with other sources. In this proposal, lab and field tests will be conducted to investigate dynamic characteristics of major air pollutants from the burning of different coal and biomass fuels in several typical stoves. The study aims at identifying key process and influencing factors that determine the dynamic combustion and emissions of targeted air pollutants, and obtaining average pollutant emission factor over the whole period but also instant emission factors and emission rates through the burning process. Starting from summarizing previous results and compiled data, this study will do a few field survey in key regions to complete residential fuel consumption database, and conduct field emission tests to rich pollutant emission factor database, so as to update air pollutant emissions from the residential sector. Temporal-spatial distributions of air pollutants from the residential sector will be analyzed. The study will give a close examination of uncertainties of major air pollutants from residential combustion, and discuss changes in emission inventory uncertainties by simulating scenarios with different emission factor variations and fuel sub-type classification.