腐霉属系统分类及快速检测研究

腐霉菌是一类世界广布卵菌，该属的很多种类是植物病原菌，造成严重经济损失，因此，腐霉菌一直是菌物研究的热点之一。然而目前对该类卵菌的认识和防治尚不充分，对中国腐霉菌的生物多样性、种类界定、分布以及致病性还不完全了解。该属种类的形态变化比较复杂，在该属的种内划分、分类鉴定和系统发育等方面存在许多尚未解决的问题。本项目拟在前期研究工作的基础上，通过综合形态、生态、生物学特性、致病性及基于多基因的系统发育分析等方法对我国腐霉菌全面系统的研究，明确我国腐霉属卵菌的种类与分布，确立可靠的形态分类特征和分子鉴定依据，解决一些疑难种和有争议种的分类地位，探讨该属种间及该属与近缘属的亲缘关系，建立腐霉菌更加自然合理的分类系统；并在此基础上，建立快速诊断由腐霉菌引起的植物病害的分子检测体系，为防治腐霉菌引起的植物病害提供理论依据。

The genus Pythium contains a large diversity of devastating plant pathogens all over the world and causes enormous economic losses. Therefore, Pythium has been one of the key fields of fungal research. However, at present, recognition and control on Pythium in China are inadequate, and species diversity and definition, distributions, and pathogenicity of Chinese Pythium are poorly known. The morphological characters of Pythium are complicated, identification, taxonomy, phylogeny, and species definition are still uncertain, and further studies are badly needed. Here, we will ultilize systematics approaches including morphological, ecological, and biological characterizations, pathogenicity, and phylogenetic analyses with multiple sequences to identify species diversity and geographic distributions of Chinese Pythium species, find out the reliable morphological and molecular characters for taxonomy, resolve the taxonomic status for difficult and disputed species, outline the phylogenetic relationships among Pythium species and the related genus, and establish a more natural and reasonable classification system. On this basis, molecular detection systems for the rapid diagnosis of plant diseases caused by Pythium will be established. The related results will provide a theoretical foundation for the study on the plant diseases caused by Pythium.