重寄生过程中海洋藻际木霉拮抗镰刀菌活性分子研究

镰刀菌引起的植物病害严重威胁着农牧业生产和人类健康，植物共附生木霉对病原镰刀菌具有很好的拮抗能力，作用机制包括重寄生和生产抗性分子等。海洋藻际木霉和镰刀菌普遍存在，特别是其中存在与重寄生木霉和病原镰刀菌同种的菌株。基于海洋藻际木霉次生代谢产物的新颖性和多样性，以及藻际木霉对病原镰刀菌的拮抗作用，本项目计划从拮抗机制的角度，探索海洋藻际木霉对镰刀菌重寄生过程中产生的抗性分子结构，以及这些分子对植物病原镰刀菌的抑制作用及其机制。研究内容包括藻际木霉对镰刀菌的重寄生作用研究，重寄生过程中抗性分子的结构多样性研究，以及抗性分子抑制植物病原镰刀菌的活性研究。旨在明晰藻际真菌之间的互作关系，揭示木霉拮抗机制中重寄生和抗性分子生产的关联性，发掘对植物病原镰刀菌具有高效抑制活性的化合物，为藻际木霉中活性分子的挖掘发展新的策略，并为植物镰刀菌病害的有效防治提供新的突破点。

Fusarium fungi have greatly threatened the agriculture and animal husbandry production as well as human health. Plant-associated Trichoderma spp. feature high antagonism against phytopathogenic Fusarium spp., with mycoparasitism and antibiotics being the main mechanisms. Trichoderma and Fusarium spp. are widespread in the inner tissues and surfaces of marine macroalgae, and they contain the same species as mycoparasitic and phytopathogenic ones. Based on the novelty and diversity of secondary metabolites from marine algicolous Trichoderma as well as the antagonism between algicolous Trichoderma and phytopathogenic Fusarium, this project will explore the structures of antagonistic molecules of algicolous Trichoderma against Fusarium during mycoparasitism and their inhibition effects and mechanisms against phytopathogenic Fusarium from the perspective of antagonistic mechanisms. This research is divided into three parts, including mycoparasite of algicolous Trichoderma on Fusarium, structural diversity of antagonistic molecules during mycoparasitism, and inhibition of phytopathogenic Fusarium by antagonistic molecules. The purpose is to clarify the interaction among algicolous fungi, disclose the relationship between mycoparasitism and antibiotics in antagonistic mechanisms of Trichoderma, and discover the compounds with high inhibition of phytopathogenic Fusarium. This project may contribute a new strategy to obtain the bioactive molecules from algicolous Trichoderma and a new breakthrough for the control of Fusarium diseases.