离子液体调控耐酸纳滤膜结构与性能的微观机制

针对稀土萃取分离所采用的酸性萃取剂皂化工艺需要消耗大量酸碱，成本高且会产生大量氨氮废水的问题，本研究创新性地提出采用纳滤膜技术将萃余相中H+进行分离而实现的无皂化绿色萃取分离新工艺，并基于此开展新型耐酸、高通量、高REn+/H+选择性纳滤膜的研究。拟通过功能化离子液体实现纳滤膜表界面性质、膜孔道结构和耐酸性的精细调控，首先从分子层面设计并合成具有特定官能团（反应基团、耐酸基团、荷正电基团等）的功能化离子液体膜材料作为界面聚合水相单体，筛选与之匹配的油相单体反应成膜，并对膜性能、表界面性质、膜结构等进行分析表征。揭示离子液体支链种类、阴阳离子结构、氢键-静电耦合作用等对其从水相到油相的扩散行为影响规律，探究扩散行为对膜结构构筑的控制机理，深入阐明离子液体微结构对膜表界面性质和耐酸性质的微观调控机制，建立完善的耐酸高通量纳滤膜制备方法。

The acid extractant saponification process in rare earth extraction separation consumed a lot of acid and alkali, has a high cost and produced a lot of ammonia nitrogen wastewater. In this study, a new unsaponified rare earth green extraction separation process was proposed innovatively by using nanofiltration membrane technology to separate H+ in the raffinate phase, and carried out the research of novel acid-resistant, high-flux, high REn+/H+ selectivity nanofiltration membrane based on this. In order to realize the fine control of the surface-interface properties, pore structure and acid resistance of nanofiltration membrane, functional ionic liquid membrane materials with specific functional groups (reaction group, acid resistance group, positively charged group, etc.) were designed and synthesized at the molecular level as interfacial polymerization monomer in aqueous phase, then select the matched oil phase monomer to form the membrane, the surface-interface properties and membrane structure were analyzed and characterized. The effects of branched chain types, cation anion structure, hydrogen bond-electrostatic coupling on the diffusion behavior of ionic liquids from aqueous phase to oil phase were revealed, and the regulation mechanism of diffusion behavior on the precise construction of membrane structure was explored. The micro regulation mechanism of ionic liquid microstructure on the surface interface properties and acid resistance properties of membrane was deeply elucidated, finally established an acid resistant high flux nanofiltration membrane preparation method.