纤维素纳米纤维基仿生序构低热膨胀系数抗冲击结构材料

航空航天和国家重大工程等高技术领域对工程结构材料的性能不断提出新的需求。研制集成了轻质高强韧、极低热膨胀系数、抗冲击等优异综合性能的新型结构材料，在轻量化抗冲击防护和缓冲材料、空间材料、精密仪器结构件等应用领域具有重要的战略意义。本项目拟基于仿生组装原理，利用空心微珠、纳米纤维以及云母片层等具有独特本征性能的功能基元，通过仿生复杂序构设计将其构筑成一系列高性能复杂序构结构材料。拟采用多层序构和周期性密度梯度等复杂序构设计手段进行材料构筑，研究具有不同功能基元和复杂结构序构的复合结构材料的力学和热学性能，阐明功能基元之间的相互作用和基元与序构协同关联效应对材料强韧性、热膨胀系数及抗冲击等性能的作用机制。同时探究复杂序构材料在高速冲击作用下的力学行为，总结相关理论并发展多维复杂序构防护新材料的按需设计方法，为航空航天和国家重大工程等高技术领域提供具有优异综合性能的新型复合材料。

In the field of aerospace materials, the harsh environment and increasing performance requirements continuously put forward new demands for engineering structural materials. Developing new composite materials which process low density, high strength, high toughness, and high dimensional stability is of important strategic significance in aerospace-related fields. These materials will have broad application prospects in the fields of lightweight, impact-resistant protective materials, precision instrument structural parts, etc. Based on this situation, this project intends to build a series of high-performance composite materials with the biomimetic ordered structure, using functional elements with unique intrinsic properties, such as hollow microspheres, nanofibers, and mica microplates. The project intends to use multi-layer ordered structure and periodic density gradient ordered structure for material construction and explores the mechanical and thermal properties of composite structure materials based on functional elements with different structural properties and ordered structures with different structural parameters. The project also intends to clarify the interaction between functional elements and how the synergy between functional elements and order structure influenced strength, toughness, thermal expansion coefficient, and impact resistance properties of materials. Meanwhile, this project aims at establishing the mechanical theory of materials with ordered structures under the high-speed impact. Under the guidance of this theory, new materials can be designed based on the demands of application and composite materials with excellent comprehensive performance will be provided for aerospace and other fields.