同期排卵-定时输精技术引发母猪妊娠率下降的机制研究

我国生猪生产长期受困于疫病高发、繁殖效率低两大瓶颈，以同期排卵-定时输精技术为核心的“全进全出”批次化生产，不仅有利于阻断猪群疫病的交叉感染，而且还能大幅提高后备母猪利用效率。然而，同期排卵-定时输精技术存在母猪妊娠率下降的难题，阻碍了该技术大规模推广应用。申请人前期利用小鼠模型发现，外源促性腺激素处理过度激活了子宫内膜ERa-FGF-ERK信号，导致胚胎附植失败，妊娠率下降。进一步，通过抑制该信号可改善子宫容受性，提高妊娠率。在此基础上，课题将以母猪为研究对象，利用子宫内膜上皮、基质细胞，卵巢切除母猪等体内外模型，探索促性腺激素影响母猪子宫容受性的信号路径。据此寻找安全、有效的靶点和候选药物，提高同期排卵-定时输精母猪的妊娠率和产仔率，突破“全进全出”批次化生产大规模应用的技术瓶颈。

The swine industry in our country is trailed by the frequent epidemic diseases and low reproductive efficiency, “All-in-all-out” batch management system (BMS), which is supported by ovulation synchronization-timed artificial insemination (OS-TAI), is not only the crtical strategy for preventing cross infection, but also the key technology for improving reproductive efficiency of sows and gilts. However, for a long time, the efficiency of OS-TAI is limited by the decreased pregnancy rate, which trails the large-scale practical application of BMS. Using mice as model, our pilot study showed that exogenous gonadotropin overactivated endometrial ERa-FGF-ERK pathway, and thereby inducing implantation failure and deceasing pregnancy rate. Further study indicated that inhibition of ERa-FGF-ERK pathway improve uterine receptivity, and therefore increasing pregnancy rate. Based on these evidences, the present study is aimed to unveil the critical pathway responsible for the gonadotropin-induced impairment of uterine receptivity, using in vitro cultured endometrial cells, as well as ovariectomized sows as models. In addition, we will screen targets and drugs, for improving pregnancy rate and farrowing rate following OS-TAI. These efforts, will overcome the bottleneck of the large-scale practical application of BMS.