油茶花粉直感效应调控胚发育的细胞机制研究

油茶是我国重要的木本食用油料树种，在当前南方山区脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴产业发展中具有重要战略地位。申请人在生产中发现，不同油茶品种混栽混种、随意搭配导致油茶种实性状差异显著，产量参差不齐。课题组前期研究发现油茶存在花粉直感效应并观察到对种胚发育产生显著影响，进而初步提出“花粉直感效应可以调控油茶胚的发育”。本项目拟在前期研究基础上，应用组织切片、整体染色透明、光学和电子显微术、组织化学、免疫细胞化学定位等技术手段，从细胞学角度，在显微和超微水平比较研究不同授粉组合对胚发育的影响、胚发育的变化特点和规律，并将这些规律与发育过程中细胞内同期的关键生理活性物质进行定位关联分析，以阐明导致胚发育产生差异的关键时间节点、部位和细胞学原因，从而揭示油茶花粉直感效应调控胚发育的细胞学机制。本项目不仅可为解析油茶花粉直感效应分子机制奠定基础，而且在生产中指导品种配置、杂交育种等研究中也具有重要意义。

Camellia oleifera is an important cooking oil producing tree species in China that currently plays a strategic role in poverty alleviation and rural development in the mountainous regions of southern China. During production, the applicants found that both mixed cultivation of different C. oleifera cultivars, and random hybridization, led to significant differences in actual traits of C. oleifera and uneven yields. This previous research showed a xenia effect on C. oleifera, and we observed a significant effect on embryonic development. These combined factors lead to indicate that “the xenia effect can regulate embryonic development in C. oleifera.” Based on our preliminary research, we aim to apply techniques such as tissue sectioning, whole staining-clearing, optical and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and immunocytochemical localization to conduct comparative studies from a cytological perspective, at the microscopic and ultramicroscopic levels. These studies will help us understand how embryonic development is affected by various pollen combinations, as well as embryo development characteristics and patterns. We will explore the location of these patterns, and their correlation with key substances, which are physiologically active in the cell during development. This information will help to elucidate the key times, sites, and cytological factors that lead to variations in embryonic development, thereby revealing the cytological mechanisms that regulate this development by the xenia effect on C. oleifera. This study not only lays the foundation for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of xenia on C. oleifera pollen, but also for future research into cultivar arrangement and hybridization during production.