冀北地区中新世松柏类植物系统分类与生物古地理研究

松柏类植物是种子植物五大支系之一，虽然物种数不及被子植物0.4%，但其分布约占世界森林面积39%，而且很多种类是针阔混交林和针叶林森林生态系统中的优势种和建群种，具有重要的生态和经济价值。中新世是若干松柏类植物种级辐射演化的关键时期。冀北地区中新世发育一套由玄武岩和河湖相沉积组成的地层。松柏类化石异常丰富且保存较为完整，具有三维立体结构，但研究程度较为薄弱。本项目聚焦冀北地区中新世汉诺坝组松柏类化石，1）对其营养器官（枝条和针叶）和生殖结构（雄球花、雌球果和种子）开展详细的形态学和解剖学研究，准确厘定其系统分类位置，并探明松柏类植物多样性；2）基于形态学特征数据构建系统发育树，探讨松柏类植物化石与现存植物之间的亲缘关系；3）通过搜集已有的化石资料，分析松柏类植物重要类群的古地理分布变化。本项目为深刻认识冀北地区中新世松柏类植物的种类组成、系统分类与演化以及古地理迁移等提供详实的证据。

Conifers are one of the five branches of the seed plants with important ecological and economic value. Although their number of species is less than 0.4% of angiosperms, they occupy 39% of the world's forest area. Moreover, many species are dominant and constructive species in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous forest ecosystems. Miocene is the key period for the radiation evolution of the species of some conifer taxa. A set of Miocene strata, composed of basalt and fluvial lacustrine sediments, were well developed in northern Hebei Province, China. Conifer fossils are very abundant and well preserved, with three-dimensional structures, but they are relatively poorly studied. The present project focuses on the fossils of the conifers from the Miocene Hannuoba formation in northern Hebei Province, China, aiming to 1) carry out detailed morphological and anatomical studies on the vegetative organs (branches and needles) and reproductive structures (male cones, female cones and seeds), accurately determine their systematic classification positions, and discover the diversity of the conifer fossils; 2) build phylogenetic trees based on the data of morphological characters to explore the relationship between conifer fossils and extant plants; 3) investigate the paleogeographic distribution of the important taxa of the conifers. This project will provide detailed evidence for a deep understanding of species composition, systematics and evolution as well as palaeogeographic migration of the Miocene conifer fossils in northern Hebei Province, China.