作物类型和耕作方式对丹江上游小流域氮磷流失过程的影响

南水北调中线工程作为我国“四横三纵”水资源调配格局的重要“一纵”，是缓解华北地区水资源短缺的大型跨流域调水工程。近年来工程水源区（丹江口水库上游）农业活动引起的非点源污染呈增加态势，给水源区的水质安全带来极大风险。坡耕地是工程水源区非点源污染的重要来源之一。本项目拟选取丹江上游典型农业小流域为研究对象，基于野外人工降雨试验和非点源污染模型（SWAT），从坡面和流域两个尺度分析不同农作物种植类型（大豆、玉米、花生） 以及耕作方式下（套种、垄作）对坡耕地产流、产沙、氮磷输移过程的影响，揭示农作物类型与耕作方式对氮磷输出的阻控机制，从减少非点源污染角度确定最优的坡地农作物类型和耕作方式，为工程水源区农业非点源控制提供理论和数据支撑。

The middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an important water diversion project for China's water resources planning. It aims to alleviate the water shortage in North China. In recent years, non-point source pollution caused by agricultural activities in the water source area of the project (the upstream of Danjiangkou Reservoir) has increased, and this poses a far higher risk to water quality safety in the water source area. In this study, small agricultural watershed, located in the upstream region of the Dan River, is chosen as our research area. A field simulated rainfall experiment and non-point source pollution model are conducting, and to study the loss processes of runoff,.sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus in the slope farmland subjected to different crop types (soybean, corn, and peanut) and tillage measures (interplant and ridge culture). The mechanisms behind runoff and sediment nitrogen and phosphorus losses in response to crop types and tillage measures change will be revealed. The optimal crop types and tillage measures on slopes will be determined from the perspective of reducing non-point source pollution. Overall, it is expected to provide some essential suggestions for controlling the non-point source pollution.in the water source area of the project.