区域经济社会文化画像下的教育资源精准分配研究——基于地理信息系统的大数据分析

教育公平在近几年来成为教育界广泛讨论的热点话题，特别是在教育治理的领域中，进行合理的教育资源分配是促进教育公平的主要手段之一。然而，我国现有教育公平的相关研究还未透彻的厘清教育公平与教育均等之间的关系，即现有教育公平大多基于均等的资源分配，而未考虑不同社会经济文化背景（ESCS）下的资源精准分配。尤其是在进行关于城乡教育资源分配的研究时，多数致力于实现城乡均等的资源供给，而还未1）深入分析我国不同区域（城、镇、乡）的ESCS特性；2）基于数据实证探讨影响不同ESCS区域下学生成就的教育需求；3）研究如何根据不同ESCS区域的教育需求进行精准的教育资源分配。本研究拟基于具有海量、开源、国家级数据的地理信息系统（GIS）进行ESCS的区域画像，并基于画像选取区域样本进行教育需求的多层（区域、学校、师生个体）深度分析，最终为教育资源的精准、合理分配提供基于数据证据的有效建议。

In recent years, educational equity has become a focused topic in education field, especially in the field of education governance. Reasonable allocation of educational resources is one of the main significances to promote educational equity. However, the existing research on education equity in China has not thoroughly clarified the relationship between education equity and education equality, that is, most of the existing relevant research is based on equal resource distribution, without considering the accurate allocation of resources under different Socio, Economic and Cultural Status (ESCS). Especially in the research on the distribution of urban and rural education resources, most of them are committed to achieving equal supply of resources between urban and rural areas, but they have not yet done 1) in-depth analysis of the characteristics of ESCS in different regions (cities, towns, and countries); 2) based on empirical data to explore the educational needs that affect students' achievement in different ESCS regions; 3) to study how to carry out accurate resource distribution according to the educational needs of different ESCS regions. This study intends to make a regional portrait of ESCS based on the geographic information system (GIS) with massive, open-source, and national data, and select regional samples based on the portrait to conduct a multi-level (regional, school, teachers and students [individual]) in-depth analysis of educational needs, so as to provide effective suggestions based on data evidence for the accurate and reasonable allocation of educational resources.