基于星载测雨雷达观测的南海雨团云微物理特征研究

南海地区降水事件形成机制复杂，云微物理过程也与我国大陆区域有显著区别。“雨团”是降水的基本单元：实际降水由“雨团”产生，模式预报的降水也发生在“雨团”中。受限于传统观测资料的匮乏，目前对南海地区“雨团”的认识仍然不足，尤其缺乏对“雨团”云微物理的认知，严重制约该地区定时、定点、定量精细化降水预报。本项目拟聚焦南海地区，利用星载双频测雨雷达和我国新一代静止轨道气象卫星观测资料，精确识别“雨团”，建立“雨团”几何和物理特征参数提取算法。首先，分析南海地区“雨团”几何特征及其与降水的联系及规律（宏观规律）；其次，揭示南海地区“雨团”物理结构及其与云微物理过程的联系（微观规律）；最后，结合宏观和微观规律，探索建立南海本地化云微物理参数化模型。本研究可望增进南海地区云微物理过程的科学认识，为云微物理参数化模型构建提供合理的本地化特征参数，提升南海区域降水数值预报能力，服务于国家南海战略。

The formation mechanism of precipitation events over the South China Sea is complicated, and the cloud microphysical process is also significantly different from that in mainland China. Rain cluster is the basic unit of precipitation: actual precipitation is produced by the rain cluster, and the precipitation forecasted by the model also occurs in the rain cluster. Limited by the lack of traditional observations, the current knowledge of rain cluster over the South China Sea is still insufficient. The understanding of the microphysical characteristics is especially lacking, which severely restricts quantitative precipitation forecast in this area. This project intends to identify the rain clusters and define their geometric and physical characteristics over the South China Sea by using the satellite-borne dual-frequency precipitation radar and China's next-generation of geostationary meteorological satellite observation data. First, analyze the geometric characteristics of the rain clusters and their relationship with precipitation (macro connection). Second, reveal the physical structure of rain clusters and their relationship with cloud microphysical processes (micro connection). Finally, combine these connections, explore and establish a localized cloud microphysical parameterized model over the South China Sea. This study is expected to enhance the scientific understanding of the microphysical characteristics of precipitating clouds over the South China Sea, provide reasonable localized parameters for the construction of cloud microphysical parameterized schemes, improve the numerical prediction capabilities over the South China Sea, and serve the China’s strategy in the South China Sea.