激子极化激元玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的新奇非平衡量子相

半导体光学微腔中的激子极化激元是半导体激子和腔模光子发生强耦合相互作用形成的部分光、部分物质的二维杂化玻色子。激子极化激元凝聚体形成没有平衡态凝聚态物理对应的新奇非平衡量子相的‘室温’量子模拟器，其典型特征是非平衡导致的量子耗散与系统的量子相干性在决定宏观量子相时是同等重要的。本项目在平均场理论和超越平均场理论框架下,以具有自旋自由度、光晶格和自旋轨道耦合激子极化激元凝聚体为研究对象，研究制备非平衡量子态的核心挑战：理解驱动和耗散通过何种机制在微观层面上破坏系统的细致平衡条件进而决定宏观可观测的新奇非平衡量子现象？包括（1）驱动和耗散如何影响平衡态已有的量子相？（2）是否会有新颖的低能激发谱的出现？（3）是否会有新颖的例如孤子和涡旋的非线性元激发的出现？我们的研究将有助于深入认识量子系统的非平衡特性，提升对量子多体体系的复杂动力学的调控能力。

Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light–matter bosonic quasiparticles formed by strongly interacting photons and excitons in semiconductor microcavities. Exciton-polariton condensate creates a novel, genuine non-equilibrium quantum simulator aimed at the room temperature without immediate counterpart in equilibrium condensed matter physics characterized by the simultaneous appearance of coherent and driven-dissipative quantum dynamics on an equal footing in a macroscopic system. Driving and dissipation violate detailed balance equilibrium conditions strongly on the microscopic level. A prominent goal of this project is to understand how this microscopic driving conditions transforms into macroscopically observable effects in a spinor polariton condensate with the spin-orbital coupling in an optical lattice at both mean-field level and beyond field level: (1) What is the fate of equilibrium phases under such driving and dissipative conditions? (2) Are there novel non-equilibrium collective excitation classes? (3) Can there be new states of quantum matter such as dissipative soliton and vortex emerging from such dynamics? Our investigations will help further understanding non-equilibrium characters of quantum systems and promoting our capability to control the complicated dynamics in quantum many-body system.