光敏纳米材料与视觉传感人工神经突触器件研究

传统人工视觉系统由于信息采集、处理和存储分离，难以满足现代社会对海量视觉信息快速、低能耗处理的需求。面向类脑神经形态计算的光电突触为构建新型高效人工视觉系统提供了新思路。目前光电突触的研究尚处于萌芽阶段，需要解决材料、器件和芯片层面诸多关键科学和技术问题。本项目拟从光敏纳米薄膜材料着手，阐释材料光电响应内在机理，研发对紫外光到近红外光（2500 nm）高效响应的新型光敏纳米材料及复合结构；进一步研制能耗≤10 fJ的两端或三端结构光电突触，探究光波长、功率密度等对器件电导调控的影响；利用微纳加工手段构筑突触阵列，研究加工工艺和光电信号施加方式对阵列中器件性能均一性的影响；探索突触阵列和传统CMOS神经元电路的互连技术，构建神经形态视觉芯片，实现对简单视觉功能的高效低功耗模拟。本项目有望为神经形态视觉系统的发展提供必要的理论、材料和器件基础。

Traditional artificial vision systems with separated information collection, processing and storage cannot meet the requirements for fast and energy-efficient processing of massive visual information in modern society. Optoelectronic synapses facing the field of brain-inspired neuromorphic computing provides new ideas for constructing highly-efficient artificial vision systems. At present, the study of optoelectronic synapses is in the early stage. Therefore, many key scientific and technical issues about materials, devices and chips need to be addressed. In this project, the mechanism of optoelectronic response of light-sensitive nanomaterials will be investigated. Novel light-sensitive nanocomposites with broad spectral response characteristics [from ultraviolet to near-infrared (2500 nm) light] will be developed. Then, ultralow energy (≤10 fJ) optoelectronic synapses with two-terminal or three-terminal configurations will be fabricated. The effect of light wavelength and power density on the modulation of device conductance will be studied. Synapse arrays will be constructed via micro-nano fabrication technology. The influence of the fabrication technique and scheme of applying optical and electric signals on the uniformity of device performance in arrays will be investigated. The method for connecting synapse arrays and CMOS neural circuits will be explored and neuromorphic vision chips will then be built to mimic simple visual functions in an ultralow energy and highly efficient way. The implementation of this project is expected to lay the foundation for the development of neuromorphic vision systems by providing essential theories, light-sensitive nanocomposites and optoelectronic synapses.